从表演者角度论述歌剧院的声学研究和设计  

Acoustic research and design of opera houses from performers

作　　者：杨志刚[1] YANG Zhigang(East China Architectural Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]华东建筑设计研究院有限公司,上海200011

出　　处：《应用声学》2023年第5期897-907,共11页Journal of Applied Acoustics

摘　　要：该文从解决“单个歌手如何超过大型乐队的声能让观众听到”的谜团入手,详细论述了歌剧院乐队演奏和歌剧唱法的声音特点。提出了歌手和乐队之间声平衡的声学设计目的是放大歌手的歌唱声并适当降低乐队的演奏声。重点论述了台口侧墙和吊顶的声喇叭以及乐池的声学设计。然后分别从提高歌手和乐队的相互听闻和提高房间的声反馈的声学设计措施进行了论述。具体声学设计措施包括舞台上设置类似反声罩的布景、合理利用乐池栏板,同时需权衡对乐手听力的保护。其次需要优化设计池座后墙、挑台栏板以及吊顶等部位的形状,以便能够将声音反射到舞台和乐池内。但需要合理控制反射声的大小,避免反射声太强,成为回声。This paper starts with solving the mystery of“how can a single singer surpass the sound of a large band for the audience to hear”,and discusses the sound characteristicis of opera band performance and opera singing in detail.The purpose of the acoustic design of the sound balance between the singer and the band is proposed to amplify the singer’s singing voice and appropriately reduce the band’s playing sound.It mainly discusses the acoustic horn of the side wall and ceiling of the fore stage and the acoustic design of the orchestra pit.Then,the acoustic design measures to improve the mutual hearing between singers and bands and to improve the acoustic feedback of the room are discussed.The specific acoustic design measures include setting up a backdrop similar to an acoustic encloser on the stage,rational use of the orchestra pit railings,and weighing the protection of the musicians’hearing.Secondly,it is necessary to optimize the design of the back wall of the pool seat,the shape of the balustrade and the ceiling,so that the sound can be reflected to the stage and the orchestra pit.However,it is necessary to reasonably control the size of the reflected sound to avoid the reflected sound being too strong and becoming an echo.

关 键 词：歌手共振峰 声喇叭 乐池声学 相互听闻 房间声反馈 

分 类 号：TU112[建筑科学—建筑理论]