减施化肥增施有机肥对烤烟产量和中部上等烟比例的影响  

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Application and Increasing Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco and Proportion of Superior Leaves in Middle of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：谢芳腾 胡蓉花 曾宇 饶文平 李小勇 谭志能 眭锋 廖强 席建才 李云[1] 曾健 刘毅[1] XIE Fang-teng;HU Rong-hua;ZENG Yu;RAO Wen-ping;LI Xiao-yong;TAN Zhi-neng;SUI Feng;LIAO Qiang;XI Jian-cai;LI Yun;ZENG Jian;LIU Yi(Ganzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ji’an Branch of Jiangxi Tobacco Company,Ji’an 343000,China;Yongfeng Branch of Ji’an Tobacco Company,Yongfeng 331500,China)

机构地区：[1]赣州市农业科学研究所,江西赣州341000 [2]江西省烟草公司吉安市公司,江西吉安343000 [3]吉安市烟草公司永丰分公司,江西永丰331500

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第7期32-36,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：提高烤烟中部上等烟比例关键技术研究(赣市烟技[2021]63号)。

摘　　要：以云烟87为试验材料,设置5个处理(T1:100%无机氮;T2:85%无机氮+15%有机氮;T3:75%无机氮+25%有机氮;T4:65%无机氮+35%有机氮;T5:55%无机氮+45%有机氮),研究了减施化肥增施有机肥对烤烟生长发育、产量、品质和中部上等烟比例的影响。结果表明:增施有机肥有利于烟株提前现蕾,随着有机肥用量的增加和化肥用量的减少,烤烟腰叶长、腰叶宽、茎围、SPAD值均呈下降趋势;全部施用无机氮肥不利于中部烟叶的发育,造成中部烟比例和中部上等烟比例降低;T2处理的综合农艺性状优良,且5项经济指标和3项等级结构指标最高,但烟叶化学品质一般;T4处理的中部上等烟比例、上等烟比例、中部上等烟产值、均价表现较好,烟叶内在化学成分协调。Flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the material,five treatments were set up:100%inorganic nitrogen(T1),85%inorganic nitrogen+15%organic nitrogen(T2),75%inorganic nitrogen+25%organic nitrogen(T3),65%inorganic nitrogen+35%organic nitrogen(T4),55%inorganic nitrogen+45%organic nitrogen(T5).The effects of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and increasing the application of organic fertilizers on the growth and development,yield,quality,and the proportion of upper grade leaves in the middle of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that increasing the application of organic fertilizer wasbeneficial for early budding of tobacco plants.As the amount of organic fertilizer increased,the amount of chemical fertilizer decreased,and the waist leaf length,waist leaf width,stem circumference,and SPAD value of flue-cured tobacco all showed a downward trend.Application of all inorganic nitrogen fertilizers was not conducive to the development of central tobacco leaves,resulting in a decrease in the proportion of central tobacco and middle grade superior leaves.The T2 treatment had excellent comprehensive agronomic traits,and 5 economic indicators and 3 hierarchical structure indicators were the highest.However,the chemical quality of the central tobacco was at a moderate level.The T4 treatment showed good performance in terms of the proportion of top grade tobacco in the central region,the proportion of top grade tobacco,the output value and average price of top grade tobacco in the central region,and the internal chemical composition of tobacco leaves was coordinated.

关 键 词：烤烟 产量 中部上等烟 有机肥 化肥 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]