南极春季臭氧损耗和恢复期的主要特征及其与平流层环流异常的关系  

The main characteristics of Antarctic total column ozone during the depletion and recovery periods and their relationship with stratospheric circulation

作　　者：李佳瑶 周顺武[1] 杨铖 邓中仁 姚遥[1] 孙阳 Li Jiayao;Zhou Shunwu;Yang Cheng;Deng Zhongren;Yao Yao;Sun Yang(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/International Joint Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《极地研究》2023年第3期337-351,共15页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0801703);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42030602);国家自然科学基金重大项目(42192512);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目(91837311)资助。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,南极臭氧总量经历了逐渐恢复的过程。本文基于近41年(1979—2019年)BS填充臭氧总量(Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone)数据集和同期的ERA5再分析数据,分析了20世纪末(1979—1999年,损耗期)和21世纪初(2000—2019年,恢复期)南极春季(9—11月)臭氧总量和平流层环流的主要变化特征,研究了不同时期平流层环流异常与臭氧总量的关系,并通过行星波诊断了影响臭氧总量变化的可能途径。结果表明,(1)南极臭氧总量在损耗期以51.5 Du·(10 a)^(-1)的速率显著减小,在恢复期以14.2 Du·(10 a)^(-1)的速率持续增加;与臭氧总量存在显著相关的平流层云(PSC)面积、平流层下部极区温度、中部极区位势高度以及60°S平均纬向风在损耗(恢复)期也经历了快速(缓慢)变化;(2)在整个分析时段,臭氧总量与PSC面积、平流层温度、位势高度以及纬向风保持着显著且稳定的关系;其中恢复期臭氧总量与上述平流层各要素的关系更加显著;(3)与损耗期相比,恢复期由于平流层存在较强的Eliassen-Palm(EP)通量,伴随平流层中上部极区EP通量辐合和更大的负涡旋热通量,使得平流层温度升高,极涡减弱,不仅导致PSC面积减小,而且有利于南极臭氧总量恢复。In the 21st century,total column ozone(TCO)over Antarctica has been recovering.Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled TCO(BS-TCO)datasets and ERA5 reanalysis datasets covered by 41 years(1979-2019),the main characteristics of Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation during the austral spring(September-November)are analyzed separately in the late 20th century(1979-1999,depletion period)and the early 21st century(2000-2019,recovery period).The relationship between stratospheric circulation anomalies and TCO and the possible effect of planetary waves on TCO variations are discussed in each period.Results indicate that(1)Antarctic TCO has strongly decreased during the depletion period,at a rate of 51.5 Du×(10 a)^(-1),and continuously increased during the recovery period,by 14.2 Du×(10 a)^(-1).Significant correlations are calculated between TCO and stratospheric each factor:polar stratospheric clouds(PSC)area,lower-stratospheric temperature,mid-stratospheric geopotential height,and mid-stratospheric zonal-mean zonal wind at 60°S,which all experience rapid variations during the depletion period and slow variations during the recovery period.(2)Over the total analysis period,relationships between TCO and temperature,geopotential height,and zonal wind are significant and consistent,with stronger correlations in the recovery period.(3)The stratospheric Eliassen-Palm(EP)flux,associated with EP flux convergence and large negative eddy heat flux in the middle and upper stratosphere,is stronger than in the depletion period and induces the increased temperatures,lower geopotential heights,lower zonal wind,and the smaller PSC area,thereby explaining the Antarctic TCO recovery.

关 键 词：南极臭氧总量 恢复期 损耗期 平流层环流 平流层云面积 Eliassen-Palm通量 

分 类 号：P941.61[天文地球—自然地理学] P421.3