心率变异性生物反馈调节自主神经系统的机制及应用  

The mechanism and application of heart rate variability biofeedback regulation of the autonomic nervous system

作　　者：王昊 王文迪 吴东哲 高晓嶙[1] 时永进 Wang Hao;Wang Wendi;Wu Dongzhe;Gao Xiaolin;Shi Yongjin(Institute of Sports Science,State General Administration of Sport,Beijing 100061,China;Department of Physical Education and Art,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京市100061 [2]中国农业大学体育与艺术部,北京市100083

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第26期4257-4264,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本23-04,基本23-50),项目负责人:高晓嶙。

摘　　要：背景:心率变异性生物反馈是采用共振频率下的深慢呼吸方式在心血管系统中引起有节奏的高幅度振荡,从而刺激和锻炼自主神经反射及压力反射的一种呼吸训练方式。然而,目前的研究尚未系统综述心率变异性生物反馈是如何调节自主神经功能并产生作用的。研究者们对心率变异性生物反馈的机制缺乏全面认识,且对其应用进展及方案尚不完全清楚。目的:对国内外现有的心率变异性生物反馈对不同人群症状影响的试验研究进行梳理,介绍心率变异性生物反馈调节自主神经系统的机制及应用进展。方法:以“心率变异性生物反馈,共振呼吸,自主神经,心率变异性,生物反馈,呼吸训练”“Heart rate variability biofeedback,Resonance breathing,Heart rate variability,Autonomic nerve,Breathing training,Chronic diseases,Mental illness,biofeedback”等为检索词在中国知网、万方、PubMed及Web of Science等文献数据库进行检索,根据纳入和排除标准共获得相关文献75篇。结果与结论:①机体的振荡系统与共振系统是心率变异性生物反馈产生作用的前提,振荡反映了外部刺激和自身调节的反射系统的运作,共振则是两个系统的同步振荡引起更高的振幅运作。②交感神经和副交感神经平衡是维持稳定的内环境的前提,自主神经系统紊乱会伴随心率变异性降低并与相关疾病的进展密切相关。心率变异性生物反馈是基于心血管系统的共振特性,以共振频率下的深慢呼吸方式在心血管系统中引起有节奏的高幅度振荡,改善交感和副交感系统反射的调节功能,增强两个系统之间的平衡调节。③心血管系统共振的两个主要机制是压力反射闭环通路和呼吸性窦性心律失常,两个机制以及压力反射特有的延迟共同作用导致在共振频率节奏的呼吸时,心率与呼吸呈现0°相位角的振荡,血压与呼吸呈现180°相位角振荡,是一种易�BACKGROUND:Heart rate variability biofeedback is a respiratory training method that uses slow and deep breathing at the resonant frequency to induce rhythmic,high-amplitude oscillations in the cardiovascular system,thereby stimulating and exercising the autonomic and baroreflex.However,current studies have not systematically reviewed how heart rate variability biofeedback modulates the autonomic function and produces effects.There is a lack of public understanding of the mechanism of heart rate variability biofeedback,and its application progress and scheme are not fully understood.OBJECTIVE:To review the existing experimental studies on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on symptoms in different populations at home and abroad and to introduce the mechanisms and advances in the application of heart rate variability biofeedback to modulate the autonomic nervous system.METHODS:“Heart rate variability biofeedback,resonance breathing,heart rate variability,autonomic nerve,breathing training,chronic diseases,mental illness,biofeedback”were used as Chinese or English keywords to search in CNKI,WanFang Database,PubMed,and Web of Science.A total of 72 core related papers were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The body’s oscillation system and resonance system are essential for the effectiveness of heart rate variability biofeedback.Oscillations reflect the response to external stimuli and self-regulating reflex systems,while resonances involve synchronous oscillations that result in higher amplitude operations.The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment.Autonomic nervous system disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability and are closely linked to the progression of related diseases.Heart rate variability biofeedback utilizes the resonance characteristics of the cardiovascular system,inducing rhythmic high-amplitude oscillations by employing deep slow breathing at th

关 键 词：心率变异性生物反馈 共振呼吸 自主神经 心率变异性 生物反馈 呼吸训练 慢呼吸 应激 身心健康 生理调节 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R363