草原家庭承包制度下的草场环境治理——基于青藏高原H县的案例研究  

Grassland Environmental Governace under the Grassland Family Contracting System:A Case Study Based on County H in the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：段雨 胡亮[2] DUAN Yu;HU Liang(School of Sociology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Department of Sociology,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]河海大学社会学系,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期128-136,共9页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“农村地区自然资源产权建构与环境治理研究”(17BSH042)。

摘　　要：草场环境治理是生态文明建设的内在构成元素,也是中国式现代化在自然维度的深刻体现。既有研究指出,草原家庭承包制度能够促进草原环境良性治理和实现公平基础上的可持续发展,而牧民社会的复杂性对此论点提出了质疑。因此,在田野调查的基础上,通过对青藏高原H县草原产权变迁与草原治理实践演化历程的系统梳理,探讨了草原家庭承包制度安排下H县草原生态退化的原因与逻辑。具体而言,草原家庭承包下的围栏管理既破坏了地方传统的放牧规律,不利于草本植物的正常生长,又为牧民短期行为加剧提供了客观条件,造成放牧规模迅速扩大,草地资源需求快速增加的后果,严重影响了草地生态系统的平衡。为了更好地推动草原生态文明建设,H县依托国家行政力量与地方文化知识的合力,有效提升了草原环境治理绩效,实现了草原环境治理体系和治理能力现代化转型。在此意义上,H县的实践经验为新时代构建草原环境治理新格局提供了诸多有益启发。Grassland environmental governance is an intrinsic component of ecological civilization building and a profound manifestation of Chinese path to modernization in its natural dimension.Some studies have pointed out that the grassland family contracting system,through the establishment of private property rights,is able to promote benign grassland environmental governance and realize healthy and sustainable development on the basis of equity,while the complexity of the pastoralist society has challenged this argument.Therefore,the evolution of grassland property rights changes and grassland governance practices in County H of the Tibetan Plateau is systematically sorted out on the basis of a field survey,and the causes and logic of grassland ecological degradation in County H under the grassland family contracting system arrangement are further explored.Specifically,the fence management under the grassland family contracting on the one hand destroys the local traditional grazing law,which is not conducive to the normal growth of herbaceous plants.On the other hand,it provides objective conditions for the intensification of short-term behavior of herders,resulting in the consequences of rapid expansion of the scale of animal husbandry and rapid increase in the demand for grassland resources,which seriously affects the balance of grassland ecosystems.In order to better promote the construction of grassland ecological civilization,County H relies on the combined effect of national administrative power and local cultural knowledge,which largely improves the performance of grassland environmental governance and realizes the modernization and transformation of grassland environmental governance capacity and governance system.In this sense,the practical experience of County H provides many useful inspirations for building a new pattern of grassland environmental governance in the new era.

关 键 词：草原家庭承包 草场环境治理 产权制度 草原生态平衡 生态文明建设 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理] F323.22[社会学]