青藏高原中部可可西里热融滑塌发育特征及灾害效应  

Development characteristics and disaster effects of thaw slump in Hoh Xil,in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：姚苗苗 林战举 范星文 兰爱玉 李文娇 YAO Miaomiao;LIN Zhanju;FAN Xingwen;LAN Aiyu;LI Wenjiao(State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2023年第4期1242-1253,共12页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905);国家自然科学基金项目(41971089)资助。

摘　　要：受青藏高原暖湿化气候的影响,高原中部的可可西里多年冻土呈现快速的退化状态,并由此诱发大量的热喀斯特地貌发育。热融滑塌作为多年冻土区最为典型的热喀斯特地貌,其快速发育是多年冻土响应气候及环境变化的指示器。考察发现热融滑塌的快速发育对区域环境及重大基础设施均具有显著的灾害效应,但由于缺乏高精度的空间数据,对这一区域热融滑塌的分布特征缺乏细致的研究。本研究基于高分系列卫星产品影像资料解译,并结合2021年野外调查验证,开展了可可西里地区热融滑塌分布特征及灾害效应研究。研究结果表明:全区共发育热融滑塌1734个,总面积约30.82 km^(2),主要分布在海拔4700~4800 m的丘陵山区缓坡地带,其中4°~6°的坡面热融滑塌分布最多,约占总数量的32%,总面积的38%。由于坡向对地表热量分布及地下冰赋存条件的影响,对热融滑塌分布影响较大,北坡(N)及东北坡(NE)分布较多,约占59%。广泛发育的热融滑塌不仅对寒区生态环境、水环境、气候环境有重要的影响,也对重大基础设施及藏区居民生命财产具有灾害效应。本研究对可可西里地区未来工程规划及国家公园建设具有重要的指导意义。Influenced by the warming and humidification trend of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the permafrost of Hoh Xil in the hinterland of the plateau showed rapid degradation,which induced a large number of thermokarst landforms.As the most typical thermokarst landform in permafrost areas,thaw slump is an indicator of climate and environmental changes.The rapid development of thaw slump has significant disaster effects on the regional environment and the stability of major infrastructure,but due to the lack of high-precision spatial data,there is a lack of meticulous research on the spatio-temporal evolution and characteristics of thaw slump in this region.Based on the interpretation of the image data of Gaofen satellite products,and combined with the verification of field survey in 2021,the distribution characteristics and disaster effects of thaw slump in Hoh Xil area were stud⁃ied.The results show that there are 1734 thaw slumps in the whole region,with a total area of about 30.82 km^(2).Thaw slumps mainly distribute in the gentle slope area of the hilly mountainous area at an altitude from 4700 m to 4800 m,of which the slope of 4°~6°is the most distributed,accounting for about 32%of the total number and 38%of the total area.Due to the influence of aspect on surface heat distribution and ground ice storage condi⁃tions,the influence on the distribution of thaw slump is greater,accounting for about 59%of the occurrences on the northern slope(N)and the northeast slope(NE).The extensive development of thaw slumps not only has an important impact on the ecological environment,water environment and climatic environment in cold areas,but also has a catastrophic effect on major infrastructure and the lives and property of residents in Tibetan areas.The research is of great guiding significance for the future engineering planning and national park construction in the region.

关 键 词：可可西里 多年冻土 热融滑塌 灾害效应 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]