基于变权重-正态云模型的飞机轮胎滑水风险  

Hydroplaning risk of aircraft tire based on variable weight theory-normal cloud model

作　　者：李岳[1] 胡宇祺 蔡靖[1,3] 戴轩 LI Yue;HU Yuqi;CAI Jing;DAI Xuan(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Ground Service Department,Air China Ltd.,Beijing 101309,China;Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Construction and Industrialization,CAAC,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]中国国际航空股份有限公司地面服务部,北京101309 [3]民航机场智能建造与工业化工程技术研究中心,天津300456

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2023年第9期2299-2305,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金(21JCQNJC00850);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3122019103)。

摘　　要：针对飞机轮胎滑水行为的随机性和模糊性特征,提出基于正态云模型的滑水安全评价分析方法。引入变权理论动态调整权值,采用惩罚性变权函数降低常权权值对评价结果的主观影响。构建飞机轮胎滑水流固耦合仿真分析模型,选取飞机轮载、滑行速度、积水厚度、道面摩擦系数及刻槽深度作为风险影响因素,基于单因素云模型数字特征及变权向量求解综合隶属度,建立多元决策下的飞机滑水风险等级及划分标准。以某山区多雨机场轮胎滑水事件为实例进行验证,结果表明:以传统临界滑水速度指标进行条件判定仅得出允许起降的一般结论;对比常权和变权评价结果,工况1安全系数由1.09提高至1.17,工况2由2.09提高至2.94,可定量描述道面起降环境差异,滑水风险仍在可接受范围内,变权评价结果偏于保守;工况3安全系数由3.13提高至3.74,滑水风险上升至Ⅳ级,即使道面积水厚度符合上限要求,轮胎滑水发生几率仍有可能显著提高,与实际风险情况基本一致,对道面运行安全分级管理具备参照性。Aiming at the randomness and fuzziness features of hydroplaning behavior of aircraft tires,a new safety evaluation methodology of tire hydroplaning is established on the basis of normal cloud model.The variable weight theory is adopted in order to adjust the weight value dynamically.The penalty function of variable weight is used to reduce the subjective impact of constant weight value on evaluation results.A fluid-solid coupling model of aircraft tire landing on wet pavement is developed for numerical analysis.The selection of five independent variables as the influencing determinants of hydroplaning risk includes aircraft wheel load,taxiing speed,water-film thickness,pavement friction coefficient,and groove depth.The comprehensive membership degree is then calculated based on the digital features of the single-factor cloud model and variable weight vector.The risk level and classification standard of aircraft tire hydroplaning is then established by multivariate decision.The case study of several accident symptoms of tire hydroplaning that took place in an airport located in a rainy mountainous area indicates that only a simplified conclusion of allowed/not-allowed landing or taking off of aircraft can be obtained by using critical hydroplaning speed as an evaluation criterion.By comparing the evaluation results of constant weight and variable weight theory,the safety factor of Case 1 is increased from 1.09 to 1.17 and that of Case 2 is increased from 2.09 to 2.94.The difference in airport runways under different running conditions can be quantitatively described.Although the risk levels of tire hydroplaning are both within the acceptable range,evaluation results derived from variable weight theory can be more conservative.As for Case 3,the safety factor is increased from 3.13 to 3.74 and the risk level is increased to level IV(unacceptable).Although the water-film thickness on the pavement surface complies with the top limit criteria,it is still possible to greatly increase the likelihood of tire hydroplaning,

关 键 词：正态云 变权重 飞机滑水 综合隶属度 流固耦合 机场工程 

分 类 号：V351.11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]