威宁短柱油茶林地土壤肥力及对果实产量和含油率的影响  

Effects of soil fertility on fruit yield and oil content in woodland of Camellia weiningensis

作　　者：秦维 曾维军 罗文敏 刘燕 QIN Wei;ZENG Weijun;LUO Wenmin;LIU Yan(Guizhou Institutes of Biology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物研究所,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期114-120,共7页Journal of Guizhou Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y060号;黔科合支撑[2022]重点017号)。

摘　　要：对8个威宁短柱油茶林地的土壤理化性质、果实产量和种仁含油率进行了测定,并运用灰色关联分析方法,探讨了林地土壤肥力对油茶产量和种仁含油率的影响,为威宁短柱油茶科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:依据“全国第二次土壤普查养分标准”,威宁短柱油茶林地土壤有机质和氮平均含量极高,全磷、全钾、速效钾平均含量中等,碱解氮平均含量低,而土壤有效磷平均含量极低。8个样地中土壤肥力Ⅱ(良)样地1个,土壤肥力Ⅲ(一般)样地1个,土壤肥力Ⅳ(差)样地2个,土壤肥力V(极差)样地4个。土壤肥力指标与油茶产量灰关联度为0.592~0.801,与种仁含油率灰关联度为0.505~0.722;其中有机质、全氮、有效磷、碱解氮和速效钾含量对油茶产量影响较大,速效钾对种仁含油率影响较大。可见,威宁短柱油茶林地土壤肥力普遍较低,土壤肥力严重影响了油茶产量,但对种仁含油率影响较小,应根据油茶林地本底营养和需肥特性来制定科学合理的施肥方案才有助于油茶产量的提高。The physical and chemical properties of soil,fruit yield and oil content of seed kernel were analyzed in 8 forest lands of Camellia weiningensis,and the effects of soil nutrients on the yield and oil content of seed kernel of C.weiningensis were studied by using the method of grey correlation analysis,to provide scientific fertilization basis for C.weiningensis.The results showed that:the average contents of soil organic matter and nitrogen were very high,the average contents of total phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium were medium,the average contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen were low,and the average contents of soil available phosphorus were very low in the short-column oil forest land of C.weiningensis.In 8 forest lands,one forest land was good,one forest land was general,two forest lands were bad and four forest lands were very bad.The grey correlation between soil nutrient and output was 0.592~0.801.The grey correlation between soil nutrient and oil content of seed kernel was 0.505~0.722.Among the levels of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium had a great influence on the yield of C.weiningensis.Available potassium was the most important index for seed oil content.It can be seen that the fertility of C.weiningensis stands is generally low,and the soil fertility seriously affects the yield of C.weiningensis and the oil content of seed kernel,a scientific and reasonable fertilization scheme should be made according to the background nutrition and fertilizer requirement of C.weiningensis.

关 键 词：威宁短柱油茶 怒江红山茶 土壤养分 肥力评价 果实产量 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]