钢铁材料超塑性研究现状与发展  

The current status and development of superplasticityin steel materials

作　　者：张鸿涛 李凯华 孙胜辉 闫海乐 丁桦 蔡明晖[1,2] Zhang Hongtao;Li Kaihua;Sun Shenghui;Yan Haile;Ding Hua;Cai Minghui(Northeastern University School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang 110819,China;Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110819 [2]东北大学辽宁省轻量化用关键金属结构材料重点实验室,沈阳110819

出　　处：《材料与冶金学报》2023年第5期478-488,共11页Journal of Materials and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51975111,52274379);中央高校基本业务项目(2023GFZD14)。

摘　　要：超塑性是一个重要的材料科学研究领域.材料在超塑性变形时具有低流动应力、无颈缩、易成形等特点,能够解决材料难变形和复杂结构件难成形等问题。超塑成形(superplastic forming,SPF)是利用金属材料的超塑性对板料进行加工,以获得各种所需形状零件的一种成形工艺.目前,已有多个行业采用该工艺加工数千吨金属零件,在航空航天和汽车行业得到尤为广泛的应用.然而,实现材料的超塑性变形需要等轴细晶的均匀组织.当材料不具备这种组织条件时,需要进一步的预处理,这将增加金属零件的制备难度和成本。因此,实现非均匀组织材料的超塑性变形能够有效降低生产成本,提高成形质量.本文中介绍了超高碳钢、双相不锈钢和低中碳钢等钢铁材料的超塑性发展情况,并结合粗晶材料超塑性机理和共生现象,分析了超塑性变形过程中非均匀组织的动态演变.同时,还总结了非均匀组织超塑性材料目前存在的问题,并对超塑性钢铁材料的未来发展方向进行展望.Superplasticity is an important research field in materials science,where materials exhibit characteristics such as low flow stress,necking resistance,and ease of forming during superplastic deformation.It can solve the difficulties in material deformation and the forming of complex structural components.Superplastic forming(SPF)is a fabrication technique that leverages the superplasticity of metallic materials to process sheet metal into various desired shapes and components.Currently,it has been widely applied in various industries,particularly in aerospace and automotive sectors,processing thousands of tons of metal parts.However,achieving superplastic deformation in materials requires a uniform microstructure of fine equiaxed grains.When materials do not possess such a microstructure,further preprocessing is required,which increases the difficulty and costs of preparation.Therefore,achieving superplastic deformation in non-uniform structure materials can effectively reduce production costs and improve forming quality.This article reviews the development of superplasticity in steel materials such as ultra-high carbon steel,duplex stainless steel,and low/medium carbon steel.It also discusses the dynamic evolution of inhomogeneous microstructure during superplastic deformation,considering the superplasticity mechanism and coexistence phenomenon observed in coarse-grained materials.Additionally,it summarizes the current issues with non-uniform structure superplastic materials and provides prospects for the future development of superplastic steel materials.

关 键 词：非均匀组织 超塑性 共生 晶界滑动 钢铁材料 

分 类 号：TG142.14[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]