2010—2021年陕西省延安市手足口病病原学监测分析  

Etiological surveillance and analysis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Yan'an City of Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2021

作　　者：刘玮[1] 余鹏博[2] 贺莉[1] 纪建军[1] 石英 王玲玲[1] 徐苏丽[1] 何静子 白跳 马园 马艳[1] LIU Wei;YU Pengbo;HE Li;JI Jianjun;SHI Ying;WANG Lingling;XU Suli;HE Jingzi;BAI Tiao;MA Yuan;MA Yan(Yan'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 716000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]延安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西716000 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第7期663-667,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2018ZX10713002)。

摘　　要：目的 了解陕西省延安市手足口病病原学分布特征,为制定针对手足口病的防控策略提供理论依据。方法 收集2010—2021年延安市13个县(市、区)手足口病病例的咽拭子样本,采用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)法对样本进行肠道病毒通用型、肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV 71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(Coxsackie virus,Cox A16)核酸检测对检测结果进行整理和分析。结果 2010年5月12日—2021年12月31日延安市疾病预防控制中心共收到手足口病病例咽拭子样本1 798份,肠道病毒通用型阳性样本1 446份,总阳性率为80.42%;EV 71型193份、Cox A16型402份、其他型851份,肠道病毒核酸阳性检出率分别为10.73%、22.36%、47.33%。手足口病全年各月均可发病,有明显的季节性特征,阳性病例主要集中在5~7月,占47.65%,男女比例为1.49∶1,<6岁儿童为高发人群。阳性病例最多的5个县区是黄陵县(227例)、宝塔区(182例)、洛川县(156例)、富县(147例)和甘泉县(121例)。结论 应重点关注<6岁儿童的手足口病预防控制和疫苗接种工作,并进一步加强对Cox A6型、Cox A10型等其他型肠道病毒的监测。Objective To understand the etiological distribution characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)in Yan'an City in Shaanxi Province,so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of targeted prevention and control strategies.Methods Throat swab samples of 13 counties(cities and districts)in Yan'an City were collected from 2010 to 2021.Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the general enterovirus types,EV 71 and Cox A16,and the results were sorted out and analyzed.Results Yan'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention had received a total of 1798 throat swab samples from HFMD cases were received from May 12,2010 to December 31,2021,and 1446 samples were positive for enterovirus generic type,with a total positive rate of 80.42%.Among them,193 EV 71,402 Cox A16 and 851 other types were detected,and the positive detection rates of enterovirus nucleic acid were 10.73%,22.36%and 47.33%,respectively.HFMD occurred in all months of the year and had obvious seasonal characteristics.The positive cases were mainly concentrated in May to July,accounting for 47.65%,and the male to female ratio was 1.49:1.Children under 6 years old were the high incidence group.The five counties and districts with the most positive cases were Huangling County(227),Baota District(182),Luochuan County(156),Fu County(147)and Ganquan County(121).Conclusion We should focus on the prevention and control,and vaccination of children under 6 years of age,and further strengthen the surveillance of other enterovirus types such as Cox A6 and Cox A10.

关 键 词：手足口病 病原学 监测 肠道病毒 EV 71型 Cox A16型 分析 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]