俄藏甲午战前威海炮台图考  

Research on the Pre-1894 Weihaiwei Artillery Fort Plans in Russia

作　　者：郑诚[1] 贾浩 Zheng Cheng;Jia Hao

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [2]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2023年第7期101-121,共21页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：俄罗斯国立图书馆藏《威海卫全图》与六幅威海卫海岸炮台图,测绘精密,信息丰富,长期不为学界所知。甲午战争之前清朝官方制作的大比例尺威海卫炮台图,传世者仅此一套。1900年八国联军占领天津,上述地图很可能由此为俄国领事馆官员德米特里耶夫虏获,继而转归海参崴东方学院,1939年移送莫斯科的苏联国立列宁图书馆,保存至今。俄藏威海诸图对于研究北洋海军、晚清海防工程均有重要意义。本文同时揭示俄罗斯与中国所藏萨承钰《南北洋炮台图说》三部彩绘本,并讨论上海图书馆盛宣怀档案、日本防卫省防卫研究所、宫内厅宫内公文书馆保存的多种威海军事地图。This paper mainly explores a set of seven old Chinese plans of Weihaiwei in the Russian State Library,including The Weihaiwei Complete Map and six plans of coastal artillery forts.These plans are the only large-scale official maps of Weihaiwei forts made by the Qing government before the Sino-Japanese War in 1894 and were probably captured by a Russian consulate official K.I.Dmitriev during the occupation of Tianjin by the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900.The plans were sent to the Oriental Institute in Vladivostok and later transferred to the Lenin State Library of the USSR in Moscow in 1939,where they were stowed until present.This collection is significant for studying the Beiyang fleet and coastal defense engineering in the late Qing period.In addition,this paper also presents three rare colorful manuscript copies of Sa Chengyu's Ilustrations of the North and South Sea Artillery Forts kept in Russia and China.Several other millitary plans relating to Weihaiwei from the Sheng Xuanhuai archive in the Shanghai Library,the archives of the National Institute for Defense Studies,and Imperial Household Agency of Japan are also discussed.

关 键 词：威海卫 炮台 地图 北洋海军 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学] E291[历史地理—中国史]