长江演化及其对洪涝灾害防治的启示  

Evolution of the Yangtze River and its implications for prevention and control to flood disaster

作　　者：姜月华[1,2] 陈立德 向芳[4] 朱锦旗[5] 郭盛乔[5] 龚绪龙[5] 黄恒旭[4] 由文智 周权平 倪化勇[6] 王东辉 刘广宁 马腾[8] 苏晶文[1,2] 程和琴[9] 杨海[1,2] 刘林 金阳[1,2] 张鸿 杨辉[1,2] 梅世嘉 齐秋菊[1,2] 吕劲松 侯莉莉 JIANG Yuehua;CHEN Lide;XIANG Fang;ZHU Jinqi;GUO Shengqiao;GONG Xulong;HUANG Hengxu;YOUWenzhi;ZHOU Quanping;NI Huayong;WANG Donghui;LIU Guangning;MATeng;SU Jingwen;CHENG Heqin;YANG Hai;LIU Lin;JIN Yang;ZHANG Hong;YANG Hui;MEI Shijia;QI Qiuju;LÜJinsong;HOU Lili(Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China;Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210018,Jiangsu,China;The Institute of Exploration Technology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chengdu 611734,Sichuan,China;Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China;China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [2]自然资源部流域生态地质过程重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [3]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205 [4]成都理工大学,四川成都610059 [5]江苏省地质调查研究院,江苏南京210018 [6]中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所,四川成都611734 [7]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081 [8]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430074 [9]华东师范大学,上海200241

出　　处：《中国地质》2023年第4期975-1003,共29页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程(工批2015-03-02,0531,0820);长江经济带地质资源环境综合评价项目(DD20190260);长三角南京—上海—温州城镇规划区1∶5万环境地质调查项目(DD20160246);长江经济带暨长三角一体化发展区资源环境承载能力监测评价(DD20221728);国家自然科学基金项目(41972101,41572093)联合资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】长江的形成和演化以及长江中下游地区周而复始的洪涝灾害,是亟待学术界破解的关键科学问题。【研究方法】通过采用冲积扇成因理论、联合沉积相剖面对比法、岩相古地理分析、高精度定年技术和遥感等方法,从流域视角剖析了长江中下游沿江砾石层成因、岩相古地理特征、长江上游三峡夷平面和阶地特征以及云南石鼓长江大拐湾成因。【研究结果】提出了早中更新世之交(距今75万年)长江东西贯通时限和长江中游地区全新世“一江(长江)四湖(云梦泽、彭蠡泽、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)”江湖演化格局的认识,分析了在自然和人为作用下近代长江中下游地区洪涝灾害现状和影响因素,并结合长江演化规律及其对洪涝灾害防治启示,提出了“再造云梦泽、扩张洞庭湖和鄱阳湖”、“采砂扩湖、清淤改田”长江中下游洪涝灾害防治对策和下一步相关地质工作建议。【结论】早中更新世地质环境的重大调整是造成长江东西全线贯通的重要原因,长江中游地区洪涝灾害防治应充分考虑江湖演化规律,该研究成果可为长江经济带/长江流域国土空间规划、地质灾害防治和生态环境保护与修复提供基础支撑和理论依据。This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.[Objective]The formation and evolution of the Yangtze River and the recurrent flood disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the key scientific problems to be solved urgently.[Methods]By using alluvial fan genetic theory,combined sedimentary facies profile correlation method,lithofacies paleogeographic analysis,high-precision dating technology,remote sensing method and so on,from the perspective of the basin,the genesis of gravel layers and lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,planation surface and terrace characteristics of the Three Gorges and the genesis of the great turn of Yangtze River in Shigu,Yunnan in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are analyzed.[Results]The understandings of the east-west transconnection time of the Yangtze River at the turn of early-Middle Pleistocene(750,000 years ago)and the Holocene river lake evolution pattern of"one River(Yangtze River)and four lakes(Yunmengze,Penglize,Dongting lake and Poyang Lake)"in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River the are put forward.The present situation and influencing factors of flood disaster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in modern times under the natural and man-made effects were analyzed,and the evolution law of the Yangtze River and its enlightenment to flood disaster prevention and control were combined.The prevention and control measures of flood disaster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River including"rebuilding Yunmengze,expanding Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake","Sand exploiting expansion lake,removing silt and turned into farmland"and relevant geological suggestions for the next step were put forward.[Conclusions]The major adjustment of geological environment in the early and middle Pleistocene was an important reason for the connection of the east and west lines of the Yangtze River.The flood disaster prevention and control in the middle reaches of

关 键 词：长江 长江演化 江湖演化 洪涝灾害 生态环境 长江经济带 长江流域 水文地质调查工程 

分 类 号：TV882.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]