乌伦古湖鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系  

Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the Ulungur Lake

作　　者：王乐[1] 于雪峰 窦乾明 赵晨 宋聃[1] 都雪[1] 王慧博 霍堂斌[1] WANG Le;YU Xuefeng;DOU Qianming;ZHAO Chen;SONG Dan;DU Xue;WANG Huibo;HUO Tangbin(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150070,China;Fuhai Fishery Technical Extension Center,Altay 836400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江流域渔业生态省野外科学观测研究站,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]福海县水产技术推广站,新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰836400

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第5期533-547,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900602);农业农村部“西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”项目.

摘　　要：为查明乌伦古湖鱼类组成现状、群落结构及其影响因素,本研究利用多网目复合刺网于2019—2021年对乌伦古湖开展鱼类群落调查研究。春、夏、秋3季共采集鱼类22种,隶属于4目6科,以鲤科鱼类最多,为15种,占比68.2%。其中历史土著种7种,占鱼类种数的31.8%;优势种为湖拟鲤(Rutilus rutilus)和东方欧鳊(Abramis brama),其Pinkas相对重要性指数(IRI)分别为7355.28和765.65。本次调查的水域中,布伦托海全年优势种为湖拟鲤和东方欧鳊,吉力湖全年优势种为湖拟鲤、河鲈(Perca fluviatilis)和东方欧鳊;鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(Hʹ)、Margalef指数(D)和Pielou指数(Jʹ)的变化范围分别为0.91~1.76、0.24~0.54和0.23~0.45。春季鱼类的多样性指数H′、D、J′显著低于夏、秋两季。布伦托海的鱼类多样性指数整体略高于吉力湖;丰度-生物量比较曲线(ABC)分析结果表明丰度曲线整体均位于生物量曲线上方,W统计值均为负值,介于−0.104~−0.371之间。秋季(W=−0.226)受干扰程度最高,其次是春季(W=-0.2),夏季最低(W=-0.104)。其中,吉力湖(W=-0.307)的鱼类群落受干扰程度显著高于布伦托海(W=-0.191);冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,水深、硝酸盐氮和水温为影响布伦托海鱼类群落的主要环境因子,通过影响鱼类繁殖、摄食等习性从而调控鱼类群落分布。而吉力湖鱼类群落主要受叶绿素a和总氮的影响,小型杂食性鱼类的分布与叶绿素a浓度、营养物质成正相关。研究结果表明乌伦古湖鱼类群落结构呈现优势种单一化、鱼类小型化及生物多样性下降的态势。To investigate the fish community structure and the factors influencing it in the Ulungur Lake,we collected fish samples using multi-mesh composite gill nets from 2019 to 2021.We identified 22 species in spring,summer,and autumn,belonging to four orders and six families,with seven historical indigenous species accounting for 31.8%of the total.Cyprinidae had the highest percentage of total species,with 15 species accounting for 68.2%.Throughout the year,Rutilus rutilus and Abramis brama were the dominant species in the Ulungur Lake,with Pinkas relative importance index(IRI)values of 7355.28 and 765.65,respectively.The dominant species in the Buluntuohai Lake were Rutilus rutilus and Abramis brama throughout the year,while in the Jili Lake,they were Rutilus rutilus,Perca fluviatilis,and Abramis brama.Calculation results of diversity indexes showed that the Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Margalef index(D),and Pielou index(J′)of fish communities were 0.91-1.76,0.24-0.54,and 0.23-0.45,respectively.All of the diversity indexes H′,D,and J′in spring were significantly lower than those in summer and autumn,and the Buluntuohai Lake had slightly higher diversity indexes than the Jili Lake.The analysis of the ABC curve showed that the abundance curve was generally above the biomass curve,and the statistical values of W ranged from-0.104 to-0.371.The disturbance degree was the highest in autumn(W=-0.226),followed by spring(W=-0.2),and the lowest in summer(W=-0.104).Additionally,the disturbance degree in Jili Lake(W=-0.307)was significantly higher than that in Buluntuohai Lake(W=-0.191).The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the fish community structure of Buluntuohai Lake was primarily affected by water depth,nitrate nitrogen,and water temperature,which affected the habits of fish breeding and feeding.In contrast,in Jili Lake,chlorophyll a and total nitrogen mainly affected the fish community structure,and the distribution of small omnivorous fish was positively related to the concentration of chlorophyll a and nutrients.T

关 键 词：乌伦古湖 鱼类组成 群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]