长江口潮滩湿地生境修复对鱼类群落结构的影响  

Effects of wetland habitat restoration on fish community structure in the tidal flats of the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：谢雯 王思凯[2,3] 秦泽 夏瑛 杨刚 孙金辉[1] 赵峰 XIE Wen;WANG Sikai;QIN Ze;XIA Ying;YANG Gang;SUN Jinhui;ZHAO Feng(College of Fisheries,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津300384 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [3]上海长江口渔业资源增殖与生态修复工程技术研究中心,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第5期573-583,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901202);上海市优秀学术带头人计划项目(21XD1405000);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020TD13).

摘　　要：为查明长江口潮滩湿地生境修复对鱼类群落结构的影响,在2021年6月(春季)、2021年11月(秋季)、2022年1月(冬季)、2022年7月(夏季)于长江口南支采用定置插网对潮滩湿地生境修复区与对照区进行鱼类样品采集,比较分析修复区和对照区的鱼类物种数、个体数、生物量和多样性指数。结果表明,研究期间共采集到鱼类27种,隶属于8目9科21属,其中,修复区采集到鱼类22种,对照区采集到21种。修复区和对照区鱼类的个体数、生物量差异明显,均表现为修复区明显高于对照区。4季修复区鱼类群落总Margalef丰富度指数(D)为6.8,总Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为4.92,总Simpson单纯度指数(C)为2.47,总Pielou均匀度指数(J′)为2.99,生物多样性指数总体为17.18,高于对照区(15.82)。春季修复区鱼类幼体出现频率(67%)明显多于对照区(44%),表明幼鱼对修复区存在较强的偏好性。本研究结果表明在长江口潮滩湿地进行生境修复能够缓解长江口鱼类生物多样性所面临的生态危机,在一定程度上为幼鱼提供育幼场所,为进一步深入了解长江口潮滩湿地生境修复对鱼类育幼场的影响机制提供参考。Habitat restoration is a critical measure for conserving fishery resources and maintaining sustainable production.The habitat of juvenile fish in the Yangtze River Estuary has been seriously degraded.In this study,we aimed to identify the effects of tidal flat habitat restoration on fish community structure in the Yangtze River Estuary.Fish samples were collected in the spring,autumn,winter,and summer of 2021-2022 in the south branch of the Yangtze River Estuary.The study was conducted using fixed plug nets in the habitat restoration and control areas.The number of fish species,individuals,biomass,and diversity indices were compared between the restoration and control areas.A total of 27 fish species belonging to 21 genera in 8 orders and 9 families were collected during the study period,of which 22 species were collected in the restoration areas and 21 species in the control areas.The results showed that the total Margalef richness index(D)was 6.8,the total Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)was 4.92,the total Simpson simplicity index(C)was 2.47,and the total Pielou evenness index(J′)was 2.99.The overall biodiversity index was significantly higher in the restoration areas(17.18)than in the control areas(15.82).The frequency of fish larvae collected in the restoration areas(67%)was significantly higher than that in the control areas(44%)in the spring,indicating a preference for habitat restoration areas by juvenile fish in the restoration areas.These findings demonstrate that habitat restoration in the tidal flats could alleviate the ecological crisis of fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River Estuary and those restoration areas can provide nursery sites for juvenile fish.This study provides a reference for elucidating habitat restoration in fish nurseries in the tidal flats of the Yangtze River Estuary.In conclusion,enhancing the protection of fish habitats and restoring damaged wetlands is a crucial measure to protect fish resources in the Yangtze River Estuary.

关 键 词：长江口 生境修复 优势种 鱼类多样性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]