从“半城市化”到“城市化”:农业转移人口市民化进程中的教育推动机制研究  

From“Semi-urbanization”to“Urbanization”:The Education Promotion Mechanism of Citizenization of Migrant Workers in China

作　　者：刘金凤 刘瑞明 石阳[3] LIU Jinfeng;LIU Ruiming;SHI Yang(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China;School of Economics and Management,Northwest University)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所 [2]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院 [3]西北大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第9期138-156,共19页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD118);中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(站中)项目(2022T150721);西北大学国家社科基金孵化计划项目(22XNFH013)的资助。

摘　　要：中国的城市化呈现出一种典型的“半城市化”状态:大量的劳动力从农村转移到了城市,成了“农民工”,但是,这些“农民工”并未有效实现“市民化”,而是形成了城乡之间数量巨大的“候鸟式群体”。促进“农民工”的“市民化”,实现“半城市化”向“城市化”的转变,不仅影响着亿万农民工的切身利益,而且关系到中国能否在这一转变中释放出强大的内需增长潜力、促进经济高质量增长。本文利用免费义务教育政策的外生性冲击,基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据考察教育对农民工城市居留意愿的影响。研究发现,免费义务教育政策显著提升了农民工的城市居留意愿。机制检验发现,免费义务教育政策通过提升农民工受教育年限改善其在流入城市的就业状况,提高其收入水平,进而增强其居留意愿。异质性检验表明,免费义务教育政策对大中小城市农民工和市内跨县农民工的城市居留意愿影响更强。本文的政策启示是,在从“半城市化”到“城市化”的过程中,不断完善种类丰富、层次多样的教育体系,不仅有助于促进农民工的市民化,而且可以借此推动中国经济的高质量发展,起到“一石多鸟”的效果。China is undergoing an unprecedented urbanization process in human history,with the urbanization rate increasing from 13.26%in 1953 to 65.22%in 2022.Hundreds of millions of rural labor forces have been transferred to cities,promoting rapid urbanization and industrialization in China.However,due to restrictions such as the registered residence system,China’s urbanization has been in a typical“semi-urbanization”state.Many labor forces have transferred from rural areas to cities,becoming migrant workers.However,these migrant workers have not effectively achieved urbanization,forming“migratory bird-like groups”between urban and rural areas.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to promote a new type of urbanization centered on people and accelerate the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population.It is not only directly related to the vital interests of billions of migrant workers but also can promote high-quality economic growth.Previous studies have pointed out that the lagging development of China’s urbanization stems from the registered residence system.However,the willingness of migrant workers to reside in cities is not only influenced by external constraints but also closely related to their education.Based on the exogenous impact of the free compulsory education policy,this study estimates the effect of education on migrant workers’urban residence intention based on the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017.We find that the free compulsory education policy significantly improved migrant workers’urban residence intention.The mechanism test reveals that the free compulsory education policy improved migrant workers’employment status and income level and thus enhanced their residence intention by increasing their schooling.Further tests reveal that the policy of free compulsory education mainly enhances the residence intention of migrant workers in large and small cities but has no significant impact on migrant workers in supercities an

关 键 词：半城市化 城市化 农民工 免费义务教育 居留意愿 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]