论量词前形容词的功能游移和语用叠加  

On the Pragmatics of the Function Shift of Pre⁃classifier Adjectives

作　　者：张耕 ZHANG Geng

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院/国家语言文字推广基地

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第4期523-540,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：本文讨论现代汉语“数词+形容词+量词+名词”结构中形容词的语用-语义接口问题。分析指出,“大、小、厚、薄、长”等量词前形容词的基本功能是表示整体外形的主观量,这种量的性质是空间量;当名词所指事物能够在认知上进行向下分割的离散化时,可以对形容词在线推导出元素数量的主观量解读,即产生从空间义到数量义的功能游移。这种功能游移是一种语用叠加现象,依赖于量词前形容词的基本功能,游移义在具体语境中需要与基本义共同实现。This paper intends to investigate the pragmatic⁃semantic interface of pre⁃classifier adjectives in modern Chinese.Firstly,it reviews previous theories of the semantic function and licensing conditions of Chinese pre⁃classifier adjectives,such as the count/mass distinction(Cheng and Sybesma 1998),the counting/measuring distinction(Li 2013),and the entity/quantity distinction(Zong 2009).It points out that all these theories are enlightening but not adequate enough to explain the facts of Chinese pre⁃classifier adjectives.Secondly,it gives a semantic analysis to the constructions with pre⁃classifier adjectives.To define the terms,it discusses the relationship between categories of number and quantity.Based on a series of linguistic tests,it finds that:(1)the described object must have a concrete form;(2)the construction may have a counting reading;(3)temporary classifiers in the constructions must have capacity and can be regarded as special container classifiers.Thus,it demonstrates that the basic function of the pre⁃classifier adjective is to express evaluation of the spatial quantity of the whole object to which the noun refers.And when the object can be discretized cognitively,the pre⁃classifier adjective may obtain an extended function to express evaluation of the amount of the internal elements,which represents a function shift from expressing spatial meaning(subjective quantity of the spatial attribute)to expressing counting meaning(subjective quantity of the amount).More importantly,it argues that the realization of the extended function relies on the realization of the basic function.There is a logical implication rule that when the construction expresses counting meaning,it always entails a spatial reading.In other words,the extended function is in an on⁃line unidirectional connection with the basic function.The listener may get the spatial meaning first,then understand the counting meaning through pragmatic inference.This paper proposes to explain the above phenomenon with the theory of pr

关 键 词：量词前形容词 主观量 功能游移 语用叠加 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]