广西平南(寺面)粤语声调与送气特征的感知  

On the Tone Features of Simian Yue Dialect in Pingnan County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：杨蓓 冼文婷 YANG Bei;XIAN Wenting

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系(珠海),珠海

出　　处：《方言》2023年第3期338-348,共11页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金中华外译项目“汉语方言学导论”(19WYYB007);广西哲学社科规划研究项目“基于个体产出与感知关系的广西粤语声调变异研究”(22FYY012)的资助。

摘　　要：本文在声学分析的基础上,采用合成声调研究广西平南(寺面)粤语声调送气特征的感知。声学分析表明:平南(寺面)粤语有舒声8调,入声4调;阴平、阴去、上阴入三类声调各形成一个次阴调。其中,全阴平调与次阴平调之间不仅存在基频的对立,还存在送气的对立。我们通过互换全清阴平调与次清阴平调的基频,得到2个合成刺激,它们与2个自然调形成4组声调和声母的最小对立对:“声调不同,同为不送气声母”“声调不同,同为送气声母”“声母送气不同,同为全清阴平调”“声母送气不同,同为次清阴平调”。这2个自然调和2个合成调的辨认和区分实验结果表明:次清阴平调中的任何一个特征(调值■24或者送气)都能辨调或辨义,但是全清阴平调感知辨义却需要其两个特征(调值■44和不送气)同时存在,缺一不可。总体而言,声调对感知的影响要大于送气特征的影响。此外,论文还讨论了送气合并与“次清声母与声调”等问题。Based on the acoustic analysis,we synthesized 2 tones to conduct the perceptual experiments on Simian Yue dialect in Pingnan county,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,which has 8 non-entering tones and 4 entering tones.Among the 12 monosyllable tones,three types,Yinping阴平,Yinqu阴去and Shangyinru上阴入,are divided into Quanqing全清and Ciqing次清tones and the differences exist in pitch as well as in aspiration.By swapping the fundamental frequencies of Quanqing全清and Ciqing次清of Yinping阴平tone,the two new stimuli were synthesized.These 2 new tones and the original 2 natural tones formed 4 minimal pairs for the perceptual experiments.The results indicate that either the tonal pitch[]24 or the aspirated feature of Ciqing Yinping次清阴平tone can be used to distinguish Quanqing全清and Ciqing次清tones,while both features,i.e.the tonal pitch[]44 and unaspiration,of Quanqing Yinpin全清阴平tone are required to distinguish Quanyin全阴and Ciyin次阴tones.Generally,the influence by the tone pitch is greater than that by the aspirated feature on perception.The article further discusses some issues like merging by aspiration and the relationship between Ciqing次清initials and tone variations.

关 键 词：广西平南(寺面) 粤语 送气分调 声学分析 声调感知 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]