青铜峡灌区春灌前土壤盐分与盐渍化特征及空间分布  

CHARACTERISTICS AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF SOIL SALINITY AND SOIL SALINIZATION BEFORE SPRING IRRIGATION IN QINGTONGXIA IRRIGATION DISTRICT

作　　者：赵志鹏 方磊 ZHAO Zhi-peng;FANG Lei(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区水文环境地质调查院,银川750011

出　　处：《地质灾害与环境保护》2023年第3期105-112,共8页Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation

基　　金：宁夏财政厅项目(6400201901273、NXCZ20220201);宁夏回族自治区人才小高地建设项目、宁夏青年科技托人才举工程项目联合资助。

摘　　要：土壤盐分与盐渍化的特征和时空分布特征研究,对土壤盐渍化防治和土壤开发利用十分重要。根据在青铜峡灌区布设的80个代表性土壤样点0~60cm分层取样测定的土壤全盐量数据,采用经典统计学、地质统计学,结合GIS技术研究灌区春灌前土壤全盐量、主要化学组分特征与盐渍化空间分布格局。结果表明:①青铜峡灌区不同深度土壤全盐量呈偏态分布且都属强变异强度;土壤全盐量与主要盐分离子均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);阴阳离子间的强相关性反映出不同深度土壤盐分阴阳离子组合十分复杂。②不同深度土壤全盐量和K^(+)+Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)含量具有中等-较强烈的空间自相关性,最大自相关距离均未超过灌区最大直线范围的1/3。③灌区0~20cm土壤属于非、轻度、中度、重度盐化土和盐土的面积分别是437.68km^(2)、615.43km^(2)、650.00km^(2)、2033.27km^(2)、2419.70km^(2);随土壤深度增加重度盐化土和盐土面积明显减少。K^(+)+Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)含量的空间分布与土壤全盐量相似。总体来说,青铜峡灌区春灌前土壤盐渍化现象依然严重且复杂,应加强研究治理。The research into the characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of soil salinity and salinization is crucial for soil salinization prevention and soil development and utilization.Based on the data collected from 80representative soil sampling points within 0~60cm depth intervals in the Qingtongxia irrigation district,this study employed classical statistics and geostatistics combined with GIS technology to investigate the soil's total salinity,its major chemical components,and the spatial distribution of salinization before spring irrigation.Key findings are as follows:1.Different soil depths in the Qingtongxia irrigation district exhibited skewed distributions with a strong variability in total salt content.There's a pronounced positive correlation between the overall salt content and the primary soil ions(P<0.01).The intricate relationships between anions and cations underscore the complexity of ion combinations at varied soil depths.2.The spatial autocorrelation for total salt content and the concentrations of K^(+)+Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),HCO_(3)^(-)across different depths ranged from moderate to intense.The maximum autocorrelation distance didn't surpass one-third of the district's furthest linear extent.3.The area distribution of soils with varying salinity levels(non-salinity,light,medium,and heavy salinity,and saline)at 0~20cm depth was 437.68km^(2),615.43km^(2),650.00km^(2),2,033.27km^(2),and 2,419.70km^(2)respectively.With increased soil depth,there's a noticeable decline in heavily saline and saline areas.The spatial distributions of K^(+)+Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and HCO_(3)^(-)closely mirrored that of the total soil salt content.In conclusion,the Qingtongxia irrigation district's soil continues to exhibit significant and multifaceted salinization challenges before spring irrigation,highlighting the need for intensified research and remedial measures.

关 键 词：青铜峡灌区 土壤盐分 盐渍化 地质统计学 空间分布 

分 类 号：S156.41[农业科学—土壤学]