维也纳世界人权会议——一座里程碑的历史  

World Conference on Human Rights,Vienna-A Milestone in History

作　　者：孙世彦[1,2,3] SUN Shiyan(Institute of International Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Law,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学法学院 [3]中国社会科学院人权研究中心

出　　处：《人权法学》2023年第4期41-63,162,163,共25页Journal of Human Rights Law

摘　　要：1993年6月14-25日在维也纳举行的世界人权会议是国际人权历史上的一座里程碑,为此后三十年来联合国的人权工作奠定了基础、制定了计划,其意义远远超过了1968年的德黑兰人权会议。维也纳世界人权会议从提出到举行历时三年半,其间筹备委员会举行了4次会议,非洲区域、拉丁美洲及加勒比区域和亚洲区域各自举行了区域会议。维也纳世界人权会议是在冷战结束后的国际新格局中筹备的,与会者对会议的目标各有不同认识,对于会议的议程各有不同要求。会议最终协商一致通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》是一份综合性文件,该文件尽力协调和反映了与会者对所有重要人权问题和工作的共同立场。维也纳世界人权会议的一个焦点问题是如何认识人权的普遍性,以及不同人权之间的关系。经过激烈的争论,《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》最终重申了人权的普遍性与不可分割性,意义重大。《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》具有持久的生命力,一直指引着联合国的人权方案和工作。The World Conference on Human Rights,held in Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993,was a milestone in the history of international human rights,laying the foundation and outlining the works of human rights protection by the United Nations for the following three decades,and was far more significant than the International Conference on Human Rights,Teheran,1968.In three and half years,the Preparatory Committee of the World Conference on Human Rights had four meetings before it was successfully held in 1993.Regional conferences had also been held respectively in the African,Latin American and Caribbean,and Asian countries,which had consequently passed the Tunis Declaration,the San JoséDeclaration,and the Bangkok Declaration.The World Conference on Human Rights was held in a new international context when the cold war ended,with participants having different perceptions of its goals and demands on the agenda.The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action,adopted by consensus through the conference,is a comprehensive document that endeavors to harmonize and reflect the common positions of the participants on all critical human rights issues.At the time of the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna-and still today-there were different,even irreconcilable,positions and understandings of human rights,none of which could represent the essence of human rights.All States had to reconcile their differences to achieve one of the priorities of the international community,namely,the protection and promotion of human rights.Moreover,the participation of States alone is not enough to achieve common ground because,as declared at the beginning of the United Nations Charter,it is the"peoples"of the countries united"with the determination......to reaffirm fundamental human rights"(We,the Peoples),not Governments.Therefore,the diversity of participation in the World Conference on Human Rights guaranteed the representativeness,plurality,and legitimacy of its deliberations and conclusions.The World Conference on Human Rights lasted three a

关 键 词：世界人权会议 《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》 人权的普遍性 人权的不可分割性 德黑兰人权会议 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]