迈向全球人权治理的新图景:《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》——兼论对中国人权事业发展的启示  

Toward a New Vision of Global Human Rights Governance:The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action and its Implications for the Development of Human Rights in China

作　　者：张万洪[1,2] 许雯娜 ZHANG Wanhong;XU Wenna(Law School,Human Rights Institute,Wuhan University;Law School,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]武汉大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2023年第4期64-78,164,165,共17页Journal of Human Rights Law

摘　　要：作为国际人权史上具有里程碑意义的国际人权文件,三十年来,《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》改变了全球人权事业的图景:它达成了人权概念和属性的共识,宣告了人权特殊性和普遍性的统一;《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》构想了世界人权保障框架,推动了联合国人权机制和国家人权保障机制的完善;为人权“执行时代”的来临创造了条件,促进了非政府组织等社会力量的发展,为国际人权合作提供了行动指南。《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》启示中国,要坚持走中国人权发展道路,完善中国人权保障机制,凝聚人类命运共同体在世界范围内的共识,推动全球人权治理发展。As a landmark in the history of international human rights,the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action(VDPA)has contributed to shaping the way global human rights developments over the past 30 years and demonstrated that human rights research and practice have entered a new ear after the"Cold War".By recognizing third-generation human rights,such as the right to development,the right to selfdetermination,and the right to a healthy environment,the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action enriched and developed the traditional concept of human rights,proclaimed the unity of human rights in their specificity and universality,and reached a common understanding of the concepts and attributes of human rights.The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action envisioned a global framework for the protection of human rights,promoted the United Nations human rights mechanisms and national human rights protection mechanisms,facilitated the establishment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights,and strengthened the coordination of United Nations human rights works.It provided direction for constructing a national human rights protection mechanism at the three levels:institution building,action plan,and human rights education.The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action laid the groundwork for an"era of implementation"of human rights and provided guidelines for international human rights cooperation.It confirmed the status,rights and obligations of non-governmental organizations and promoted the development of nongovernmental organizations and other social forces.Although the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action was written 30 years ago,in this new era,we can once again find essential inspiration in re-exploring its value and historical significance,and examining the course and direction of China's human rights development in the light of it.First,we should adhere to the path of human rights development with Chinese characteristics.We should continue to carry forward the spirit of the Vienna Declaration and Pr

关 键 词：《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》 人权保障机制 全球人权治理 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]