门阀制度下西晋寒门文学的分化  

The Differentiation of Literature Among the Poor Families in Western Jin Dynasty Under the System of Hereditary Aristocracy

作　　者：冉驰 Ran Chi

机构地区：[1]成都大学文学与新闻传播学院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2023年第4期47-60,188,189,共16页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：四川师范大学巴蜀文化研究中心项目“韩国诗话中的李白诗研究”(项目编号:BSYB23-11);教育部人文社科基金青年项目“魏晋中央官学与文学发展研究”(项目编号:22YJC751044);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“‘桃源图’中的浙江地缘研究”(项目编号:22NDJC065YB)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西晋是皇权政治,由世家大族掌权的门阀政治形态尚未完全形成,寒门士人仍有上升空间。但能受重用的寒士毕竟是少数,更多沉沦下僚的寒士,因此寒士内部逐渐产生了分化。这种分化不仅表现在政治上,还在文学领域有所反映。他们在赠答、应制、书信的创作中开辟了寒门文学发展的两条路径。受到重用的寒士如张华、刘寔的文学创作更加趋近于士族,他们站在西晋政权的角度提倡完善选拔制度;对不公平的社会制度和奢靡的世风有委婉的批判。而左思、郭泰机、鲁褒等寒士则从个人经历出发,抒发了门阀制度下寒士的压抑和不满,对奢靡世风的谴责,得到后世寒士们的更多情感认同。厘清这一问题有助于补充已有研究更多关注士族文学的不足,有利于在“寒士的不平”这一内涵外拓展对寒门文学的理解。The Western Jin Dynasty was an imperial power politics,and the political form of hereditary aristocracy in power had not yet been fully formed,and there was still room for the poor underprivileged scholars to rise.However,there are only a small number of poor underprivileged scholars can be entrusted with an important post,and there are more poor underprivileged scholars who have fallen into subordinates.Therefore,they gradually became divided.This division is not only manifested in politics,but also reflected in the field of literature.They opened up two paths for the development of poor families'literature in presenting with gifts and poems,writing essays and poems upon emperor's order,and writing letters.The literary creation of poor underprivileged scholars such as Zhang Hua and Liu Shi,who were promoted,were closer to those of the gentry,and they advocated the improvement of the selection system from the perspective of the Western Jin regime;There were tactful criticisms of unfair social systems and extravagant world customs.Zuo Si,Guo Taiji,Lu Bao and other poor underprivileged scholars expressed depression and dissatisfaction under the system of hereditary aristocracy based on their personal experiences,and condemned the extravagant world style,which won more emotional identification from later generations of poor underprivileged scholars.Clarifying this question helps supplement existing studies which paid more attention to gentry literature,and expands the understanding of gentry literature beyond the connotation of"the grievances of poor underprivileged scholars".

关 键 词：西晋 寒门 分化 文学 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K237.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] I206.2[历史地理—历史学]