“行”的词缀化与“X行”双音词的产生  

The development of xing(行)into a suffix and the occurrence of disyllabic X-xing(X行)

作　　者：赵长才[1] ZHAO Changcai

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院/中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第5期515-530,638,共17页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文从《现代汉语词典》对“X行”的释义出发,以汉语史文献语料为依据,从历时角度考察“X行”中“行”的词义演变及“X行”双音词产生的过程,探讨这类双音词形成的机制。认为“行”经历了一个由一般实义动词发展为虚义动词,进而经过重新分析,与其前面的其他单音节词语(通常为副词、代词或动词、形容词)结合后演变为词缀的过程。从文体类型来看,“X行”早期主要用于政书、法律文件、司法案例等典章制度类文献中,明清时期开始扩展到用于小说、话本等口语化程度较高的文献中。“X行”双音词在近、现代汉语中盛衰消长的发展演变以及“行”作为词缀的性质和地位,可以为词典释义的进一步细化处理提供参考。Based on historical literature,this paper investigates the diachronic semantic change of xing(行)in X-xing(X行)and the occurrence of the so-constructed disyllabic words.The paper suggests that xing was first reduced from an action verb into an abstract verb and then developed into a suffix by means of reanalysis.From the perspective of text genre,X-xing mostly appeared in administrative and legal documents before it started to occur in novels and colloquial texts during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The evolution of X-xing as well as the semantic reduction of xing into a suffix as described in this paper may facilitate the further refinement of their definitions in dictionary.

关 键 词：“行” “X行”双音词 词义演变 重新分析 词缀 形成机制 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]