洱海地区白语名量词的指称功能  被引量:1

The Referential Function of Nominal Classifiers in Bai of the Erhai District

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作  者:程珊珊 CHENG Shanshan

机构地区:[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出  处:《民族语文》2023年第3期67-79,共13页Minority Languages of China

基  金:北京市社会科学基金重大项目“多语接触与中介语演化机制(20ZDA20)”;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向语言生态学的语言接触知识库研究(#22JJD740002)”的支持;北京大学语言学实验室项目“基于白语方言的语言生态与语言演化机制研究”的资助。

摘  要:本文将语篇描写和启发式调查结合起来,以量词隐现为切入点,探讨白语的指称表达。调查研究发现:名词性短语在句子中的指称,一方面取决于自身的可识别度,另一方面受到信息结构的调节;有定和无定指称都具有多种实现的形式,而并非仅取决于量词有无;“名—量”结构具有异质性,可分为优先出现在动词后引入新信息的“名—量1”和优先在动词前指称可识别事物的“名—量2”;各种名词性短语的可识别性存在强弱区别;白语各类名词性短语在指称和分布上有较明显的分工,但“名—量2”与光杆名词在类指上存在竞争。本文研究也表明:白语量词的本质功能不是表示定指,而是通过对表类的光杆名词进行个体化,提高指称显著度。This paper combines discourse description with elicitation investigation to explore the referential properties of nominal phrases in the Bai language,focusing on the presence or absence of classifiers.We find that:(1)The referentiality of noun phrases in sentences is contingent upon both their inherent identifiability and the influence of information structure;(2)Both definite and indefinite reference can be realized through various linguistic forms,which are not exclusively determined by the presence or absence of classifiers;(3)The noun-classifier structures exhibit heterogeneity and can be categorized into two types:N-CL1,which predominantly introduces new information postverbally,and N-CL2,which primarily refers to identifiable entities preverbally;(4)Different types of noun phrases display varying degrees of identifiability.(5)Various categories of nominal phrases in Bai exhibit distinct patterns in terms of referentiality and distribution,with N-CL2 and bare nouns competing in the realm of generic reference.Furthermore,this research underscores that the fundamental function of classifiers in the Bai language lies not in expressing definiteness,but rather in individualizing bare nouns and enhancing referential saliency.

关 键 词:白语 名量词 光杆名词 指称性 显著度 个体化 

分 类 号:H252[语言文字—少数民族语言]

 

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