技能劳动力区位选择的时空格局及影响因素  

Spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of the location choice of skilled labor forces

作　　者：敖荣军[1,2] 伊尔凡江·艾合买提江 杨彬 王涛[1,2] AO Rongjun;YIERFANJIANG Aihemaitijiang;YANG Bin;WANG Tao(College of Urban&Environmental Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第9期2451-2465,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271188);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(创新资助项目)(2022CXZZ003)。

摘　　要：采用2000年全国人口普查和2015年全国人口抽样调查微观数据集提供的地级城市的技能劳动力迁入数据,分析技能劳动力区位选择的空间格局及演化特征。融合人口地理、劳动经济和空间经济等相关理论,解读技能劳动力区位选择的空间类分、空间选择、空间集聚、迁移摩擦以及舒适偏好机制。据此,运用空间杜宾Tobit模型识别技能劳动力区位决策因素。结果表明,中国技能劳动力迁入地主要集中在东部沿海社会经济较发达城市以及中西部省会城市和部分工矿城市,且地理集中度提高,但空间集聚性降低。居民收入、人口规模、生活成本、市场竞争、技能集中度、人为舒适度、开放包容度等对技能劳动力迁入本地有正向影响,对技能劳动力迁入邻近城市有抑制作用。市区拥挤度阻碍技能劳动力迁入本地,但促进技能劳动力迁入邻近城市。本地环境污染和环境舒适度对技能劳动力迁入的影响不显著。Utilizing the data of the skilled migrants among prefecture-level cities in China from the microdata sets of the 6th population census(2010)and the national 1%population sampling survey in 2015,we analyze the spatial pattern of the location choice of skilled labors forces and its evolution characteristics.Based on some relevant theories in population geography,labor economics and spatial economics,the theoretical mechanisms of the location choice of skilled labors forces such as spatial sorting,spatial selection,spatial agglomeration,migration friction and amenity preference are explored.Accordingly,the locational factors of skilled labor forces are identified empirically by a spatial Dubin Tobit model.The main results are as follows.Firstly,the destinations of skilled migrants are mainly concentrated in more developed cities along the east coast,and provincial capitals and some industrial and mining cities in the central and western regions.The geographical concentration of the location choice of skilled labor forces increased,whereas the spatial agglomeration decreased from 2000 to 2015.Secondly,factors such as population size and resident income have positive effects on skilled labor migration to local areas and inhibit skilled labor migration to neighboring cities.Among them,The relationship between population size and skilled labor migration to local areas shows an inverted U-shaped curve.The moderate expansion of population size and the increase of residents'income increase the attractiveness of skilled labor migration.Factors such as living cost and employment market competition have positive effects on skilled labor migration to local areas and inhibit skilled labor migration to neighboring cities.Higher living cost of local area and fierce employment competition will screen out low-skilled labor,while skilled labor with higher match with local labor demand will stay in or move to the local area.Factors such as the relative concentration of the skilled,human amenities and openness and tolerance have posit

关 键 词：技能劳动力 区位选择 时空格局 影响因素 中国地级城市 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]