长汀花岗岩红壤不同植草措施对马尾松幼林坡面侵蚀过程影响试验研究  

Experimental study on the effects of different grass-planting measures on slope erosion process of young Pinus massoniana forest in Changting granite red soil area

作　　者：周飞华 查轩[1,3] 吴洁玲 吴泽华 黄博文 张柳 毛兰花 白永会 王丽园 ZHOU Feihua;ZHA Xuan;WU Jieling;WU Zehua;HUANG Bowen;ZHANG Liu;MAO Lanhua;BAI Yonghui;WANG Liyuan(School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Fujian Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Test Station,Fuzhou 350001,China;Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology,Fuzhou 350007,China;School of Tourism and Geography,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;The College of Geography and Environment Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [2]福建省水土保持试验站,福州350001 [3]湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350007 [4]韶关学院旅游与地理学院,韶关512005 [5]东华理工大学地球科学学院,南昌330013 [6]河南大学地理与环境学院,开封475004

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第9期2520-2537,共18页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377326);福建水利科技项目(MSK202308);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC05054);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD15B02)。

摘　　要：针对南方红壤区侵蚀退化地幼龄马尾松林下水土流失严重等问题,基于人工模拟降雨试验方法,以裸地为对照,系统分析了不同雨强(0.5 mm/min、1.0 mm/min、1.5 mm/min和2.0 mm/min)和植草措施(单条带、双条带和三条带)对马尾松幼林坡面径流、产沙过程的影响。结果表明:①坡面径流、侵蚀过程指标随植草条带数的增加而减小,但随雨强的增大而增大,雨强从0.5 mm/min增加至2.0 mm/min,各坡面平均径流率和平均侵蚀率分别增加了3.46~4.81倍、13.83~29.30倍。②坡面侵蚀随降雨历时的变化大致表现为各坡面前期均较大,植草措施坡面接着快速下降后趋于稳定,而幼龄马尾松坡面与裸地坡面接着快速下降后随降雨持续呈波动变化,且其侵蚀率相对植草措施一直处于高值状态,说明植草措施能有效降低坡面侵蚀。③各雨强条件下的坡面减流减沙规律为三条带措施>双条带措施>单条带措施>幼龄马尾松/裸地,从植草措施的减流、减沙效益来看,减沙效益可达95%,减流效益可达40%。综上,无论是大雨强还是小雨强下,三条带措施均较为适宜于马尾松幼林坡面土壤侵蚀治理。研究结果可为南方红壤严重侵蚀退化地水土保持与生态恢复提供科学参考。In view of the serious soil and water loss under the eroded and degraded young Pinus massoniana forests in the red soil area of southern China,and based on the rainfall simulation experiment,the bare land was used as an example to examine the effects of the rainfall intensities(0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mm/min)and grass-planting measures(single strip,double strips and triple strips)on slope runoff and erosion process of young Pinus massoniana forest.The results showed that:(1)The slope runoff and erosion process indexes decreased with the increase of grass-planting strips,but increased with the increase of rainfall intensity,and when the rainfall intensity increased from 0.5 mm/min to 2.0 mm/min,the average runoff rate and erosion rate of each slope respectively increased by 3.46-4.81 times,and 13.83-29.30 times.(2)The variation of slope erosion with rainfall duration was roughly manifested as large in the early period of each slope,and the slopes of grass-planting measures decreased rapidly and then stabilized,while the slopes of young Masson pines and bare land continued to fluctuate with rainfall,and their erosion rates were always relatively high.(3)The law of slope runoff reduction and sediment reduction under each rainfall intensity condition was triple strips measure>double strips measure>single strip measure>young Masson pines slope/bare land,from the perspective of the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of grass-planting measures under the different rainfall intensities,the sediment reduction benefit could reach 95%,and the runoff reduction benefit could reach 40%.In summary,the triple strips measure is more suitable for slope soil erosion control of young Pinus massoniana forests under heavy rain or light rain.The research results can provide scientific reference for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in this region.

关 键 词：马尾松幼林 模拟降雨 植草措施 坡面产流 坡面产沙 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]