中华绒螯蟹土池育苗过程中浮游生物群落演替过程及其影响因素  

Plankton community succession and its influencing factors on earthen pond cultivation of Eriocheir sinensis larvae

作　　者：路浩浩 韩琨 解志龙 吴旭干[1] 姜佳枚[1,2] 潘宏博[1,2,3] LU Haohao;HAN Kun;XIE Zhilong;WU Xugan;JIANG Jiamei;PAN Hongbo(Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient(CREEFN)of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学环境DNA技术与水生态健康评估工程中心,上海201306 [3]海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第6期723-734,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170533);上海市教委水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心项目(2021科技02-12);江苏省科技厅苏北科技专项(SZ-YC202116)。

摘　　要：浮游生物在水体生态系统中具有重要功能,其群落结构能影响养殖苗种的健康和产量。但当前尚不清楚它们在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)育苗池的演替变化及其影响因素。本研究在原位条件下调查了中华绒螯蟹土池育苗过程中水质参数和浮游动植物群落的演替过程,结果发现营养盐总体在养殖后期高于养殖前期。浮游植物检出16种,其中硅藻门种类最多(9种),密度为8.27×10^(8)~4.96×10^(9)ind/L,多样性指数总体随养殖过程呈下降趋势。浮游动物检出11种,密度为2.65×10^(5)~4.78×10^(7)ind/L,多样性指数整体养殖后期高于前期。浮游植物优势种为球等边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)、长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissimi)、海洋舟形藻(Navicula marina),浮游动物优势种为矮小拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis nana)、急游虫(Strombidium sp.)、华哲水蚤幼体(Sinocalanus larva)、溞状幼体(Zoea)、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)、卤虫(Artemia nauplii)。浮游植物和浮游动物群落和优势种均随养殖过程呈现明显演替变化。多元统计分析显示饵料、理化环境因子和生物因子的共同作用是育苗池浮游植物和浮游动物群落变化的主要驱动力,饵料、溶解氧和PO43–对其多样性的影响显著。本研究表明调节饵料可作为调控中华绒螯蟹育苗水体浮游生态系统的潜在手段。The Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis,is one of the most important aquaculture species in China,with an annual aquaculture production of 808300 metric tons in 2021.The Chinese mitten crab exhibits six larval stages:Zoeae I-V and Megalopa.These larvae are primarily bred in outdoor earthen ponds;recent studies indicated that the water quality and species composition of the plankton community in these ponds can directly affect the production of breeding.However,little is known about the physical and chemical factors of the E.sinensis larvae-rearing process in breeding earthen ponds;additionally,the characteristics of plankton community succession and its relationship to environmental factors remain unknown.It limits our ability to improve E.sinensis larvae-rearing technology via the control of water quality parameters and plankton communities.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the water quality paramebers and plankton community succession in E.sinensis breeding earthen ponds.This investigation on the plankton community of E.sinensis breeding earthen ponds was conducted in April 2020.Samples were collected at each larval stage,and the corresponding water environmental factors were determined synchronously.The results showed that the difference in water temperature(WT)and pH at different larval stages was very small,whereas the concentrations of nutrients increased throughout the metamorphic process.Phosphate,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus were significantly different among all larval stages.Additionally,the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was significantly correlated with physical factors and the feed used.Overall,16 phytoplankton species were detected,including 9 Bacillariophyta species,4 Pyrrophyta species,3 Cyanophyta species,2 Chlorophyta species,and 1 Chrysophyta species;11 zooplankton species were observed,including 6 Copepod species,3 Protozoa species,1 Rotifera species,and 1 Artemia species(feed).The phytoplankton richness was slightly higher in the Zoe I and megalopa stages than that

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 育苗池 浮游植物 浮游动物 群落组成 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]