历史语境与主体调适:清代遗民书写的流变  

Historical Context and Subject Adaptation:The Transformation of Writing on Former Dynasty Loyalists in|the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王新杰 WANG Xinjie

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院马克思主义学院,430205 [2]武汉大学历史学院,430072

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2023年第3期29-36,60,211,212,共11页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“明清史学与近代学术转型研究”(16JJD770037)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：遗民群体,古已有之,南宋之前正史多将遗民、逸民笼为一谈,归入《逸民传》。迄至宋亡,遗民意识方发轫。明成化年间,始有程敏政记遗民之专书《宋遗民录》问世,首创《遗民录》体例。明清鼎革之际,程录于明遗民中广为流布;而各类《遗民录》的编撰风潮,则延续至清末民初。大抵而言,清代的《遗民录》著述经历了清初明遗仿《宋遗民录》之体例,编纂历代遗民以寻求自我认同之依据;康熙中叶以降私家史著通过对遗民忠义之阐幽发微,以此补足官方史学之阙失;清末民初以“国粹派”为首诸学人藉《遗民录》等人物传记构建“国粹”与“民史”的学术实践等三个阶段。Former dynasty loyalists had existed since ancient times,but before the Song Dynasty,official histories often recorded them together with recluses.After the fall of the Song Dynasty,the identity of former dynasty loyalists emerged formally.During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty,Cheng Minzheng’s Records of Song Dynasty Loyalists(Song yimin lu)was the first work for this group and initiated the"loyalist records"genre.During the Ming-Qing transition,Cheng Minzheng's work became popular among Ming loyalists.The compilation of variouss"loyalist records"lasted until the late Qing and early Republic.Such writings went through three stages:in the early Qing Dynasty,the authors sought self-identity by modeling Cheng's work;in the mid Qing period,the authors supplemented the official records by expounding the faith of loyalists;in the late Qing and early Republican era,the"Chinese quintessence school"built the"Chinese quintessence"and"people's history"academic practices by writing"loyalist"biographies.

关 键 词：明遗民 遗民录 南明史 新史学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K249[历史地理—历史学]