美国对日本重整军备问题的政治决策过程研究——以NSC 13/2号文件为例  

The U.S.Political Decision-Making Process on the Japanese Rearmament:Focus on the NSC Document

作　　者：朱成林 ZHU Chenglin

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2023年第3期99-110,214,共13页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：日本战败投降后,美国主导的占领当局在日本推行了非军事化改革,以彻底摧毁日本的战争潜力。随着美苏矛盾的上升,美国对日政策的现实基础由大国合作转向美苏对立,开始研究日本重整军备问题。五角大楼基于军事战略的考量提出对日重新武装计划;凯南制订了以治安强化为起点的方案;麦克阿瑟为保留占领改革的成果反对日本重整军备,其独到的军事战略和政治见解影响了NSC 13/2号文件关于该问题的结论:既不完全排除日本重整军备的可能性,也未彻底否定日本的非军事化。NSC 13/2号文件不仅实现了美国对日政策重心的转移,更是重新界定了日本在冷战形势下的身份——化旧敌为潜在盟友。After Japan's defeat and surrender,the U.S.-led occupation authorities introduced demilitarization reforms in Japan to completely destroy Japan's war potential.With the rising U.S.-Soviet conflict,the U.S.began to examine the possibility of Japanese rearmament when great power cooperation had switched to U.S.-Soviet confrontation.The Pentagon proposed a rearmament program for Japan based on military strategic considerations.Kennan formulated a program starting with the strengthening of public security.However,MacArthur opposed Japanese rearmament in order to preserve the gains of occupation reform,and his unique military strategic and political insights influenced the conclusion of NSC 13/2 on this issue:neither did it completely rule out the possibility of Japanese rearmament nor it fully reject the demilitarization of Japan.The NSC 13/2 not only achieved a shift in the U.S.policy toward Japan,but also redefined Japan's identity in the Cold War situation:turning an old enemy into a potential ally.

关 键 词：日本重整军备 凯南 麦克阿瑟 五角大楼 NSC 13/2号文件 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论] E313[历史地理—历史学] K313.5[历史地理—世界史] K712.54