“以文史代织纴”:清代闺阁书写与儒家妇德规范新诠  

Boudoir Writings in the Qing Dynasty and a New Interpretation of Confucian Norms of Women's Virtues

作　　者：吴琳 Wu Lin(School of the Humanities,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院人文学院,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第7期160-168,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA254)。

摘　　要：清代女性诗文集围绕闺阁书写与妇德关系的讨论,推动了才女文化在儒家妇德规范中的阐释。晚明而下才女文化兴盛,因而在德言容功的传统妇德要求中出现了“以文史代织纴”的倾向。这一女性观念的变化也成为清代闺阁诗文集序跋的首要议题。清人诠释闺阁才女书写的普遍模式是以妇言与妇德兼善作为准则,将“立言”纳入四德规范,与妇德相提并论。而与才女有关的“林下风”概念也演变为妇言的标准,成为闺阁特质的组成部分。清代恪守妇德规范、倡导一门风雅的贤媛多以折中的态度强调文史对培养妇德的作用,并有意识地将母教职责诉诸诗文表达。清代闺阁书写对儒家妇德规范的诠释一方面为以文史代织纴提供了理论依据,一方面也强化了创作恪守的空间边界,反映了闺阁书写在儒家妇德伦理桎梏中曲折演进的历程。Women's literature flourished in the Qing Dynasty.The interpretation of boudoir writings in the context of Confucian norms of Fude(women's virtues) became the primary topic of women's poetry and literature.The discussion between Zhang Xuecheng and Yuan Mei on women's poetry in the middle of the Qing Dynasty has now been widely noticed in the academic world.However,the questions of how the concept of Fude was interpreted in the Qing Dynasty boudoir writings and whether or not the relevant interpretations formed a universal mode of writing remain to be clarified in the texts.The change of “Yi Wenshi Dai Zhiren”(literature and history instead of sewing and weaving) was widely discussed in the prefaces and postscripts of the boudoir poems.Discovering and interpreting Fude in the collections of the Qing Dynasty boudoir poems and related documents will undoubtedly help explore the deeper impact of the requirements of Fude of “De Yan Rong Gong”(virtue,speech,appearance and merit) on women's sense of creativity.The Qing Dynasty held the goodness of both Yan and De as a criterion and included “Yan” in the Side(four virtues of women) in Fude so that “Yan” was regarded as an important part of the practice of women's morality.It emphasized the function of poems and books in educating and cultivating women's morality and the role of women's poetry in cultivating Fude.Zhang Xuecheng focused on the contradiction between boudoir writings and the norms of women's morality.His remarks did not have the significance of practical guidance but were more based on the theoretical requirements for the reconstruction of gynecology.The transformation of space and the expansion of boundaries brought about by the involvement of boudoir writings in the Qing Dynasty not only reshaped women's own perception of their roles but also redefined the behavior of women in ethical norms.The concept of the “linxiafeng”(林下风,women's poetic style) associated with talented women developed into a dominant style of women's literature

关 键 词：清代 闺阁 林下风 儒家 妇德规范 “以文史代织纴” 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K249[历史地理—历史学]