乡村文化振兴背景下传统节日中文化记忆的传承与建构——以西藏山南地区“望果”节为例  

Inheritance and Construction of Cultural Memories in Traditional Festivalsin Rural Culture Revitalization——Take Vongskor Festival in Shannan,Tibet as an Example

作　　者：万代吉 包宝海 阿旺桑培 Wan Daiji;Bao Baohai;Awang Sangpei

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学法学与社会学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]西藏自治区拉萨市歌舞团,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2023年第2期51-59,共9页Plateau Culture Research

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴背景下藏族民间仪式舞蹈研究”(批准号:19MZ084)阶段性成果;2019年青海师范大学中青年科研基金项目“仪式、秩序与文化记忆——以青海省黄南、文都藏族民间仪式舞蹈为例”阶段性成果;高原科学与可持续发展研究院“高原牧区社会与经济的现代化转型科研团队”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乡村文化振兴是乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分,而深入发掘传统农耕节日中文化记忆的传承和建构是繁荣发展乡村文化的有效途径。“望果”是西藏农区祈求农业丰收的重要节日,主要以招福仪式为文化核心,后期融入了民间的歌舞、竞技等内容,成为集仪式与娱乐于一体的社会文化载体。它通过仪式、道具及歌舞形式保留和传达文化信息;以重复性的操演及结构化的交流,把过去凝结在一套象征体系中,进而传承和展演群体特有的文化记忆。“望果”还具有文化的建构性,以山南地区的“望果”为例,它将不同时期不同层次的记忆元素建构在一个完整的记忆场中,形成以农业生产为表象记忆,以吐蕃时期的战争遗留为中层记忆,以传统文化及宇宙观为深层记忆的记忆模式。深入探讨“望果”中文化记忆的传承与建构,有助于我们认识传统节日在发展乡村文化中的积极作用,有助于增强乡村社会的凝聚力和文化传承,改善和维护乡村社会风气及秩序塑造新文化。Rural cultural revitalization is an important part of rural revitalization strategy.To explore the inheritance and construction of cultural memory in traditional farming festivals is an effective way to prosper and develop rural culture.Vongskor is an important ritual,prevalent in the Shannan valley of the Tibetan Autonomous Region,performed to beseech bountiful harvest.It mainly takes the recruit blessing as a cultural core in the Bon period.In the later stage,it incorporates folk songs,dance,sports,and other performances that are associated with ceremony and entertainment.It retains and transmits cultural information through rituals,songs,and dances.It condenses the past in a symbolic system through repetitive performances and structured communication.Through these practices,a unique cultural memory of the group is inherited and displayed.The Vongskorhave culturally constructive,as in the Shannan region forms a wholesome memory model by superimposing the elements of memory into different periods and levels.Agricultural production is a representation of image memory;battles in the Tibetan regime are considered as middle level memory;and the traditional culture and the knowledge of the universe are considered as deep memory.Discussion on the inheritance and construction of Vongskor's cultural memories,it will contribute to recognize the positive impact of traditional festivals in the develop of rural cultural.That is will enhance cohesion of rural society and inheritance of Culture,improve and maintain rural social atmosphere and order,and shaping a new culture.

关 键 词：“望果”节 仪式歌舞 文化记忆 乡村文化振兴 

分 类 号：K89[历史地理—民俗学]