论三星堆祭祀坑出土物所展现的祭祀场景  

Sacrificial Scene Displayed by Artifacts from the Sacrificial Pits at Sanxingdui

作　　者：张昌平[1,2] ZHANG Changping(Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学长江文明考古研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《江汉考古》2023年第4期65-78,共14页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划资助项目“公元前1500年至公元前1000年中华文明早期发展关键阶段核心聚落综合研究·长江流域商代都邑综合研究”(项目编号2022YFF0903603)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：三星堆祭祀坑出土物所展现的祭祀场景是三星堆研究的重要内容,也是学者们争论的焦点。本文对祭祀坑器物进行原境分析,认为三星堆人像、人面具等人物形象,以及兽面具、眼形器等人格性形象,不同的类别、大小、姿态等代表不同的功能性质,由此将其归结为祭祀者和受祭者等。相应地,将青铜类神树、祭坛、容器,以及玉石类、海贝、象牙类器物分别归入祭器和祭品。这样的分类,还可进一步认为祭祀坑器物属于国家祭祀等大型宗教活动、祭祀是将天地人神纳入在同一个合祭系统。The sacrificial scene displayed by artifacts unearthed from the sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui is a crucial part of Sanxingdui research and a focal point of debate among scholars.This paper analyzes artifacts unearthed from the sacrificial pits in their original context,suggesting that figures such as the Sanxingdui human statues,human masks,as well as animal masks,and eye-shaped artifacts represent different functional uses according to their categories,sizes,and postures,reflecting both the sacrificers and the recipients of sacrifice.Correspondingly,items such as tree-like sacred bronzes,altars,containers,jade,seashells,and ivory artifacts are categorized as sacrificial instruments and offerings.Such categorization implies that artifacts from the sacrificial pits were likely part of large-scale religious activities such as state rituals.This suggests that the rituals were designed to incorporate both humans and divine beings into a single ceremonial system.

关 键 词：三星堆祭祀坑 出土物 祭祀场景 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]