一维水库溯源冲刷数学模型及其应用  

A one-dimensional mathematical model for reservoir retrogressive scour and its application

作　　者：余铖峥 夏军强[1] 王增辉 周美蓉[1] YU Cheng-zheng;XIA Jun-qiang;WANG Zeng-hui;ZHOU Mei-rong(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2023年第4期9-16,60,共9页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2243238,52279076)。

摘　　要：溯源冲刷是水库重要的排沙减淤措施之一。为了更好地掌握溯源冲刷过程中库区河床的冲淤规律,采用基于有限体积法求解的一维水沙耦合数学模型,并改进了挟沙力公式中参数的取值方法,模拟了三门峡水库1975年和1964年的溯源冲刷过程,采用库区实测资料分别对该模型进行率定与验证。计算结果显示模型计算值与实测值总体符合较好,计算精度较高。采用改进后的一维水沙耦合数学模型,能较为精确地计算三门峡库区的溯源冲刷过程和不同排沙方案的比较。Retrogressive scour causes an important influence on the processes of riverbed scour and deposition,and it is a major measure to maintain reservoir capacity due to its short duration and high efficiency.In this study,a coupled one-dimensional model based on the finite volume method was used and the method of parameter selection in sediment transport capacity formula were improved,in order to better understand the characteristics of riverbed scour and deposition.The model was calibrated and verified by using the measured hydrological and bathymetric data during the retrogressive scour processes in the Sanmenxia Reservoir in 1975 and 1964.The results indicate that the calculated values agreed well with the measured data and the calculation accuracy of the model is better.The improved one-dimensional model can be used to calculate the process of retrogressive scour more accurately.The model is simple and convenient to apply and can be used to simulate the processes of reservoir retrogressive scour and the design of the desilting scheme.

关 键 词：挟沙力公式 溯源冲刷 耦合模型 三门峡水库 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV145.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]