玉米大豆不同间作系统光合特性与产量边际效应  

Marginal Effects of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Systems

作　　者：崔文芳[1] 秦德志[1] 陈静[1] 刘剑 严海鸥[1] 秦丽[1] CUI Wenfang;QIN Dezhi;CHEN Jing;LIU Jian;YAN Haiou;QIN Li(Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014109,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,包头014109

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第8期309-319,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160506)。

摘　　要：为明确内蒙古河套灌区间作模式的边际效应及该区域本土化玉米大豆间作技术模式,在滴灌条件下,设置4种间作技术模式(行比为2∶3、2∶4、4∶3、4∶4(T2∶3、T2∶4、T4∶3、T4∶4)),以玉米大豆单作为对照,对光合特性变化规律、种间竞争力及边际效应进行分析。结果表明,单作与间作玉米叶片叶绿素SPAD及氮质量比总体表现为大喇叭口期达到峰值,之后逐渐下降,进入灌浆期又出现一小高峰,此时,T2∶3模式叶绿素SPAD及氮质量比与单作差异均不显著,大喇叭口期,分别较单作下降0.91%、5.07%,灌浆期,较单作分别提高5.09%、5.17%,且净光合速率均于吐丝期达到峰值,但T2∶3较单作下降缓慢,其它模式的特点是峰值低,出现早(大喇叭口期),降得快。T2∶3模式与单作大豆叶片叶绿素SPAD和氮质量比均在开花期达到峰值,之后逐渐下降,鼓粒期又出现一小高峰,结荚期与鼓粒期,T2∶3模式SPAD较单作分别提高2.32%、5.11%,氮质量比分别提高2.34%、5.77%,且净光合速率峰值出现晚(鼓粒期),其它模式峰值出现早,降得快,尤其T2∶4、T4∶3、T4∶4模式的中行更显著。因此,间作群体花后光合功能稳定期长是关键,是发挥间作优势的重要原因。仅T2∶3模式土地当量比大于1,达到1.38,且大豆的相对拥挤系数大于玉米,间作大豆侵占力、竞争比率均大于玉米,T2∶3具有明显的间作优势和竞争力,大豆相对产量增长大于玉米,是竞争优势种。T2∶3模式的玉米、大豆产量最高,分别为9 705、2 265 kg/hm~2,占系统产量的81.08%、18.92%。T4∶4模式的玉米产量与叶绿素SPAD、净光合速率具有显著的边际优势,而大豆仅光合速率表现边际优势,T2∶3模式的中行大豆具有光合优势。综上,T2∶3模式是内蒙古河套灌区适宜的间作技术模式。In order to clarify the marginal effect of intercropping patterns and the localized maize and soybean intercropping technical patterns in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia,four intercropping technical patterns(row ratio:2∶3,2∶4,4∶3,4∶4(T2∶3,T2∶4,T4∶3,T4∶4)) were set under the condition of trickle irrigation.The changes of photosynthetic characteristics,interspecific competitiveness and marginal effect were analyzed with maize and soybean as control.The results showed that the overall chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen content of maize leaves in mono-cropping and intercropping reached peak at the large trumpet stage,and then decreased gradually,and then appeared a small peak at the filling stage.At this time,the chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen contents in the T2∶3 mode were not significantly different from those in mono-cropping stage,and the chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen contents in the large trumpet stage were decreased by 0.91% and 5.07% compared with that in mono-cropping stage,respectively.Compared with monocropping,the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 5.09% and 5.17%,respectively,and reached the peak at the spinneret stage,but T2∶3 decreased slowly compared with monocropping.Other modes were characterized by low peak,early appearance(large trumpet stage),and rapid decline.The contents of chlorophyll SPAD and nitrogen in the leaves of T2∶3 mode and mono-cropping soybean reached a peak at the flowering stage,and then decreased gradually,and a small peak appeared at the drum grain stage.At pod stage and drum grain stage,the SPAD value and nitrogen content of T2∶3 mode were increased by 2.32% and 5.11%,respectively,compared with that of mono-cropping.The peak value of net photosynthetic rate appeared late(bulging stage),while the peak value of other models appeared early and decreased rapidly,especially in the middle line of models T2∶4,T4∶3 and T4∶4.Therefore,the long post-anthesis photosynthetic stability period of intercropping populationwas the key,which was an important

关 键 词：玉米 大豆 间作 边际效应 种间竞争力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1