岐山孔头沟出土车舆围板铜饰与金文中的“金簟弼”  

Bronze Ornaments on Carriage Panels Unearthed from Kongtougou,Qishan,and the"Jin Dian Bi"in Bronze Inscriptions

作　　者：王洋 种建荣 雷兴山 Wang Yang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]陕西省考古研究院 [3]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《文物》2023年第8期61-73,共13页Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“周原遗址凤雏城址区田野考古资料整理与研究”(项目批准号:21&ZD240)成果。

摘　　要：岐山孔头沟西周墓M10出土有大量薄壁铜片。经过拼对与整理,以周原贺家车马坑出土材料为参照,辨识出这些薄壁铜片为车舆围板铜饰,并对其形制与组配进行了复原。西周车舆围板铜饰按装饰部位有舆侧板饰、舆后板饰之分,按形制结构又可分为整片式与甲片式两种形式。在总结器类判断标准的基础上,文章对以往西周至春秋早期墓葬出土的车舆围板铜饰进行了辨识。结合金文与传世文献考证发现,车舆围板铜饰可能是西周金文中的“金簟弼”。考古发现与金文表明,车舆围板铜饰出现于西周中晚期,延续使用至东周时期;其使用者似乎仅限于男性,使用者的地位一般不低于诸侯级别。Based on assembling of the copious thin copper pieces unearthed from the Western Zhou tomb M10 in Kongtougou,Qishan,and comparing to materials found in the chariot and horse pit in Hejia Village,Zhouyuan,this article suggests that these thin copper pieces were ornaments on carriage panels,and further restores their shapes and configurations.The Western Zhou bronze ornaments on carriage panels can be divided into side panel ornaments and rear panel ornaments based on different decorated positions or whole piece type and armor piece type according to different shapes.By summarizing the judgment criteria,the article also identifies bronze ornaments on carriage panels unearthed from other tombs from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period.Regarding bronze inscriptions and historical documents,it can be inferred that these bronze ornaments may be the"Jin Dian Bi"mentioned in the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions.Both archaeological discoveries and bronze inscriptions show that the bronze ornaments on carriage panels appeared in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty and were kept in use until the Eastern Zhou Period;they seem to be used only by males with high social status who at least holding the rank of zhuhou.

关 键 词：车舆 车马坑 西周金文 形制结构 文献考证 围板 装饰部位 东周时期 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K877.3[历史地理—历史学]