毒素-抗毒素系统的作用机制及其生物学功能的研究进展  

Biological functions of toxin-antitoxin systems

作　　者：周世文 张俊杰[1] ZHOU Shiwen;ZHANG Junjie(School of Life Sciences,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulatory Biology,Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京师范大学细胞增殖及调控生物学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期513-527,共15页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81972604,32171138)。

摘　　要：毒素-抗毒素(toxin–antitoxin)系统(简称TA系统)广泛存在于原核生物的基因组和质粒中,它们由2种基本元件组成:稳定的毒素,其作用是抑制与细菌生长相关的关键环节,如DNA的复制、mRNA的稳定性、蛋白翻译和代谢调控等;不稳定的抗毒素,可以发挥拮抗毒素的作用.在某些特定条件下,抗毒素分解或丧失拮抗毒素的作用,从而使毒素发挥作用,抑制细胞生长.迄今已经发现了8种类型的TA系统,它们的作用机制各不相同,参与多种生命活动的调控,在细菌应激反应、抵御噬菌体、细菌持留形成以及致病菌耐药性形成中发挥重要作用.此外,TA系统还被作为工具用于研发新的生物技术,应用于科学研究和疾病防治.本文将综述TA系统的作用机制及其生物学功能,并介绍TA系统相关的生物技术研发进展.Toxin-antitoxin(TA)systems widely exist in the genomes and plasmids of prokaryotes.They are composed of two basic elements:stable toxins,whose role is to inhibit key progresses related to bacterial growth such as DNA replication,mRNA stability,protein translation and metabolic regulation,and unstable antitoxin antagonizing toxins.Under certain conditions,antitoxin is degraded or loses antagonistic function against cognate toxin,so that the toxin could inhibit cell growth.Eight types of TA systems have been discovered thus far,each with different mechanisms of action,and participating in the regulation of various biological activities.TA systems play important roles in bacterial stress response,resistance to bacteriophages,bacterial persistence,formation of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria.TA systems have been used as tools to develop novel biotechniques both in scientific research and disease prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：毒素-抗毒素系统 应激反应 细菌持留 细菌耐药 生物技术 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学] Q71