启动方式对混流泵噪声特性的影响  

Influences of start-up mode on the noise characteristics of mixed-flow pump

作　　者：朱国俊[1] 唐振博 冯建军[1] 罗兴锜[1] ZHU Guojun;TANG Zhenbo;FENG Jianjun;LUO Xingqi(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第13期34-42,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079108,51909212)。

摘　　要：泵段处噪声特性的演变规律对混流泵启动过程中的稳定性监测有重要意义。为探究不同启动方式下混流泵噪声的变化规律及其影响因素,该研究采用声振测试系统采集了混流泵在线性和非线性启动(指数函数启动)方式下的噪声、主轴振动和压力脉动数据。然后,基于声学信号处理方法对采集到的噪声信号进行了分析,并通过相干性分析研究了启动过程中叶轮出口压力脉动、主轴振动与泵段处噪声的关系。结果表明:不同启动方式下的高幅值声压均出现在启动后期,且凹指数函数启动方式下高幅值噪声区域出现的时间最短、冲击噪声相对最小,表明该启动方式有利于避免启动过程中剧烈的机械碰撞和冲击。噪声的共振峰分析结果表明,凹指数函数启动方式导致混流泵启动失稳的概率相对最小;不同启动方式下的噪声A计权声压级最高值均出现在中心频率250 Hz处,线性启动方式的总有效声压级最小,但与线性启动相比,凹指数函数启动方式能降低启动过程中的中频段声压级和部分低频段声压级;叶轮出口压力脉动是影响混流泵启动过程中噪声主声压级的主要因素之一,主轴振动只影响极低频段处的噪声。研究成果对混流泵启动稳定性的改善有重要的参考价值。Mixed-flow pumps are characterized by their wide operating range and high-efficiency region in the fields of agricultural irrigation,hydropower engineering,and urban water supply systems.The stability of the transient processes,such as start-up and shutdown,has drawn great attention to the increasing capacity and impeller diameter of mixed-flow pumps in the industrial field.Particularly,the start-up process of a mixed-flow pump is an extremely complex transient process.The mixed-flow pumps can experience shock loading,hydraulic vibrations,and cavitation damage during the start-up process,leading to a negative impact on the stable operation of the pump.The evolution of noise characteristics at the pump section is of great significance for stability monitoring during the start-up process of mixed-flow pumps.This study aims to investigate the variation and influencing factors of noise under different start-up modes.An acoustic vibration test system was selected to collect the noise,shaft vibration,and pressure fluctuation signal of mixed-flow pumps under linear and non-linear starting modes.Then,the collected noise signals were analyzed using acoustic signal processing,including the energy entropy ratio analysis,spectral chart analysis,and A-weighted sound pressure calculation.A systematic analysis was made to clarify the influence of start-up on the sound pressure level and spectral characteristics of noise.The energy intensity in the noise was also analyzed.A coherence analysis was then implemented to determine the correlation among the impeller outlet pressure fluctuation,shaft vibration,and pump noise during the start-up process.The results showed that there was a concentrated region in the high amplitude sound pressure of the noise starting at the end of the start-up process in the three start-up modes.The shortest time scale was achieved in the high amplitude noise region under the concave exponential function start-up mode,indicating the least persistent impact on the environment.There was a relatively minima

关 键 词：混流泵 振动 噪声 启动过程 声振测试 

分 类 号：TH7313[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]