城市规模、方言多样性与劳动者工资  

City Size,Dialect Diversity and Labor Income

作　　者：朱诗慧 苏章杰 Zhu Shihui;Su Zhangjie(School of Economics,Dongbei University of Finance&Economics,Dalian 116025,China)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学经济学院,116025

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2023年第6期134-153,共20页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“就业优先、稳定和扩大就业的推动机制与政策研究”(21ZDA099);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目“集聚经济视角下城市空间结构优化对更加充分更高质量就业的影响效应与作用机制研究”(LJKMR20221575)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以方言多样性作为城市文化的代理变量,研究文化如何影响城市的集聚经济效应。具体而言,利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,基于扩展的明瑟工资方程考察城市方言环境如何影响劳动者的工资以及如何影响城市规模的工资溢价。研究发现,城市规模的工资溢价显著存在,而方言多样性降低了劳动者的工资并且削弱了城市规模的工资溢价效应。方言多样性阻碍了集聚经济中的学习机制和匹配机制,并且对劳动者就业保护具有不利影响,这是方言多样性作用于劳动者工资的重要机制。此外,考虑到劳动力在空间上的优化配置对我国统一大市场建设的重要性以及劳动力倾向于在方言文化相近的地域范围流动的特征事实,进一步研究了方言距离的影响,发现方言距离显著提高了劳动者的工资并且增强了城市规模的工资溢价。这意味着方言距离阻碍劳动要素实现收益最大化的流动和配置,造成劳动要素的错配。This article uses dialect diversity as a proxy variable of city culture to study how culture affects urban agglomeration economy.Specifically,this paper uses data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey(2017)to examine how the urban dialect environment affects the wage income of workers and how it affects the wage premium of the city size based on the extended Mincer wage equation.The study found that the wage premium of city size exists significantly,while dialect diversity reduces the wages of workers and weakens the wage premium effect of city size.Dialect diversity hinders the learning mechanism and matching mechanism in the agglomeration economy and has a negative impact on the employment protection of workers.These are the important mechanisms for dialect diversity to affect workers'wage.In addition,considering the importance of the optimal allocation of labor to the construction of a unified large market in China and the typical fact that labor force tends to flow in regions with similar dialect cultures,we further examine the impact of dialect distance and find that dialect distance significantly improves labor income and enhance the wage premium of city size.This means that dialect distance hinders the flow and allocation of labor factors to maximize returns,resulting in a mismatch of labor factor.

关 键 词：城市规模 方言多样性 工资溢价 机制分析 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] F249.2[语言文字—汉语] H17