明代廷杖的表达与实践  

The Expression and Practice of the Ming Dynasty's Court Caning

作　　者：赵天宝[1] ZHAO Tian-bao(School of Administrative Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期89-102,共14页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学研究基地重点项目“社会治理背景下的少数民族宗教习惯法研究”(23SKJD002)。

摘　　要：廷杖是明代的一种律外之刑,究其实质是帝王处罚臣吏的一种权力控制形式。明代廷杖的程序可以分为决定程序和施行程序两个步骤。通过对《明史》所载258件廷仗案例的实证研究,可以阐释明代廷杖的具体运行状况,揭示其所展示的双重功能并透视其有明一代长期存在的缘由。可以发现,明代廷杖的惩治功能和威慑功能及其辐射的教育功能,均是明代皇帝实施廷杖之罚所追求的直接功能。尽管廷杖暂时实现了维护皇帝的体面尊严和皇权的至高无上之治吏目标,但因明代廷杖执行的公开性和折辱性,又衍生出皇帝始料未及的:激励臣节与避祸失节的意外功能。正是这类意外功能为明王朝的覆灭埋下祸根。Court caning was a form of power control used by the emperors of the Ming Dynasty to punish their officials.The procedure of court caning during this era can be divided into two stages:the decision-making process and the implementation process.The implementation process,in particular,exemplified the punitive and deterrent functions of court caning,which were the primary objectives pursued by the Ming emperors.However,despite temporarily achieving the goal of upholding the emperor's dignity and supreme authority,the public and humiliating nature of its execution resulted in unforeseen contrasting effects:the inspiration of virtuous behavior and the avoidance of punishment through unethical conduct.Notably,the latter sowed the seeds of the downfall of the Ming Dynasty,and the lessons from the governance of officials during this period remain relevant and valuable for the contemporary era.

关 键 词：廷杖 明代 程序 适用 功能 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]