中国画“写意”新诠:基于生存论的视角  

New Interpretations of Xieyi in Chinese Painting:From the Perspective of Existentialism

作　　者：郭勇健[1] GUO Yong-jian(Department of Chinese,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期149-161,共13页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学项目“中国画的现象学诠释”(19BF085)。

摘　　要：“写意即抒情”和“写意即表现”,都有所见,但也都所见未彻。写意不是心理学的行为,而是现象学的行为;不是主体性的行为,而是存在性或生存性的行为。写意不仅是一种言说方式和艺术创作方式,还是一种生存方式,并且是本真性的生存方式。从艺术创作的角度看,写意就是将艺术家的内心冲动在第一时间内表达出来的创作方式。就艺术创作而言,写意的“意”是“意兴”;就艺术作品而言,写意的“意”是“意象”。意象造型介于具象与抽象之间,是一种不求形似、取其大意的造型方式。在“引书入画”之后,为了适应书法笔法的发挥,意象造型变成了程式化造型。程式化造型,其意不在造型,而在笔墨。写意的“写”本是“抒写”,即抒写意兴。随着写意的“写”被理解为“书写”,写意的“意”也被缩小为笔情墨趣。中国画的“写意”是一个意义系统,这系统有三个维度:乘兴遣画是美学观念,意象造型是艺术风格,引书入画是绘画技法。中国画的写意传统不等于笔墨传统。中国画,不变的是写意精神,可变的是笔墨技法。Both the statements that“Xieyi is lyricism”and“Xieyi is expression”offer some insights into Chinese painting,but they are not entirely accurate.Xieyi is not an act of psychology,but rather an act of phenomenology;it is not an act of subjectivity,but an existential act.Xieyi is not only a mode of speech and artistic creation,but also a way of existence.From the perspective of artistic action,Xieyi is primarily about expressing the artist’s inner impulses,where the essence of“Yi”lies in the interest.From the perspective of artistic works,the meaning of“Yi”is imagery.It is a form of representation that does not seek to faithfully depict the form,but rather focuses on conveying meaning.With the introduction of calligraphy into painting,imagery became more structured to accommodate calligraphic brushwork.The term“Xie”in calligraphy originally means“to write”,indicating the expression of one’s thoughts.As“Xie”is understood as“writing”,“Yi”is narrowly defined as the interest in form.Chinese painting encompasses a three-dimensional system of meanings,including the aesthetic concept of deriving pleasure from painting,the artistic style of imagery,and the painting technique of incorporating calligraphy.The tradition of Chinese painting is not synonymous with the tradition of calligraphy.While all Chinese painting is characterized by Xieyi,not all Chinese painting heavily emphasizes calligraphy.What remains constant in Chinese painting is the spirit of Xieyi,while the techniques employed may vary.

关 键 词：中国画 写意 兴 意象造型 笔墨 

分 类 号：J202[艺术—美术]