中国公共教育和医疗卫生服务受益归宿测度——来自时空站点大数据的新证据  

Measuring Benefit Incidence in Education and Healthcare Public Services in China:New Evidence From Big Data of POI

作　　者：卢盛峰[1] 赵妍[1] LU Sheng-feng;ZHAO Yan(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2023年第8期100-115,共16页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“政府地理迁址与财税政策的空间再配置:效应、机制与政策设计”(72073103);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于中国实践的协调发展理论研究”(22JJD790060);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“能力贫困代际传递性度量及财政干预政策研究”(20YJC790092)。

摘　　要：本文基于中国43 271个乡镇/街道公共教育和医疗卫生服务设施的空间分布数据,运用边际受益归宿分析方法,经验分析了2015—2021年中国乡镇/街道一级公共服务设施的边际受益分配状况。研究结果显示:第一,从区域经济发展水平视角看,不同经济发展水平地区均从中国公共教育和医疗卫生服务设施增长中受益,但是整个公共服务设施边际受益率呈现U型特征:即公共服务建设更多惠及了最贫困与最富裕地区,中间发展地区受益相对较少。第二,从城乡视角来看,农村地区公共服务供给更为亲贫,而城镇地区亲富性日益明显。第三,从区域视角来看,东部地区公共教育服务供给更为亲富,医疗卫生服务则呈U型特征,中部地区公共教育和医疗卫生服务供给均亲贫,西部地区最富裕组在公共教育和医疗卫生服务中受益最大。第四,从分类别视角来看,不同公共服务受益特征存在较大差异:卫生室边际受益呈U型特征,幼儿园相对更加亲富,小学相对更加亲贫。第五,从县区级层面来看,整体而言,中国人均公共服务供给均等化程度较高,但仍呈现农村亲贫、城镇亲富的特点。本研究有助于掌握中国公共教育和医疗卫生服务在地区间的真实受益状况,同时对进一步优化公共服务供给策略、推动公共服务均等化的改革实践具有借鉴意义。The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to improve the basic public services system to raise public service standards and make public services more balanced and accessible.However,due to the limited statistics,existing studies have failed to measure the benefits of public services at the local government level in China,while this paper provides implications for the reform of equitable access to public services.This paper empirically measures the marginal benefit distribution of public services facilities at the township level in China from 2015 to 2021 based on the spatial distribution of healthcare and educational public services facilities in 43 271 townships/sub-districts in China and the marginal benefit incidence analysis.The results show that first regions with different economic development levels have benefited positively from the increase in public services in education and healthcare in China,but the overall marginal benefit of public services is U-shaped:that is,the construction of public services benefits the poorest and richest regions more,and the regions with middle development levels receive relatively fewer benefits.Second,from an urban-rural perspective,the public services provision in rural areas is more pro-poor,while that in urban areas is increasingly pro-rich.Third,from a regional perspective,the public services provision in education is more pro-rich in the eastern region,while that in healthcare shows a U-shaped trend;the public services provision in healthcare and education is pro-poor in the central region,but the richest group benefits the most in the western region.Fourth,from a categorical perspective,there are large differences in the characteristics of the benefits of different public services:the marginal benefits of clinics show a U-shaped trend;kindergartens are relatively more pro-rich,but the poorest regions benefit more from elementary school public services.Fifth,further analysis at the county/district level reveals that overall China exhibits a high degre

关 键 词：公共服务均等化 公共教育服务 医疗卫生服务 边际受益归宿 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]