减氮条件下高碳基肥对烤烟土壤真菌群落结构及烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of high carbon base fertilizer on fungal community structure in flue-cured tobacco soil and tobacco leaf quality under nitrogen reducing condition

作　　者：吴东[1] 刘福童 王博 李帅兵 赫英宇 董贤春[4] 牟毅[1] 唐婷婷 唐韵 任天宝[2] WU Dong;LIU Fu-tong;WANG Bo;LI Shuai-bing;HE Ying-yu;DONG Xian-chun;MOU Yi;TANG Ting-ting;TANG Yun;REN Tian-bao(China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430048,China;Tobacco College,Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Center,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Mudanjiang Tobacco Company,Heilongjiang Provincial Tobacco Company,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157011,China;Yichang Branch,Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company,Yichang,Hubei 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,湖北武汉430048 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院/河南省生物炭研究工程技术中心,河南郑州450002 [3]黑龙江省烟草公司牡丹江烟叶公司,黑龙江牡丹江157011 [4]湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第5期1417-1425,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110178);湖北中烟工业有限责任公司科技攻关项目(2021MDJK102);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2020GGJS047)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减氮条件下施用高碳基肥对烤烟根际土壤真菌群落结构及烟叶质量的影响,为南方烟区烟稻轮作土壤保育、微生物群落调控及提高烟叶质量提供理论参考。【方法】采用大田试验设计,设常规施肥对照(CK)和减氮条件下施用高碳基肥处理(T,较常规施肥减氮15%+高碳基肥600 kg/ha)。采用Illumina高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落结构进行分析,应用NMDS分析和Pearson相关分析解析土壤真菌群落结构差异性及土壤养分与真菌丰度间的相关性,并测定烟叶化学成分和中性香气物质含量。【结果】减氮条件下施用高碳基肥可显著改善土壤质量(P<0.05,下同),与CK相比,T处理的土壤含水率、p H、有机质、碱解氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量分别增加24.17%、20.42%、23.59%、17.41%、108.32%和92.24%。减氮条件下施用高碳基肥改变了土壤真菌群落多样性和丰富度,土壤真菌群落Simpson指数显著提高,可观察OTU数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数降低;也可改善根际真菌群落结构,尤其是功能微生物的相对丰度,如担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度分别增加20.35%和4.63%。相关分析结果表明,土壤中担子菌门、油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)和芽枝霉门(Blastochadiomycota)与土壤理化性质和微生物量碳氮显著相关。在烟叶质量方面,T处理的烤后烟叶总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比、两糖比和中性香气物质总量分别增加18.26%、28.10%、30.98%、7.31%和13.11%。【结论】减氮条件下施用高碳基肥可改善南方烟区烟稻轮作土壤的理化性质,调节土壤真菌群落结构,也可协调烟叶化学成分,提高烟叶产量和质量。【Objective】Exploring the effects of applying high carbon base fertilizers under nitrogen reduction condi-tions on the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobaccoand tobacco leaf quality,providing theoretical reference for soil conservation,microbial community regulation,and improving tobacco leaf quality in tobac-co rice rotation in southern tobacco regions.【Method】Using a field trial design,two treatments were set up,conventional fertilization control(CK)and application of high carbon base fertilizer under nitrogen reduction conditions(T):15%reduction in nitrogen compared to conventional fertilization+600 kg/ha of high carbon base fertilizer.The Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the structure of soil fungal communities.NMDS analysis and Pear-son correlation analysis were used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community structure and the correlation between soil nutrients and fungal abundance.The chemical composition and neutral aroma substance content of tobacco leaves were also measured.【Result】Under nitrogen reduction conditions,the application of high carbon base fertilizer can significantly improve soil quality(P<0.05,the same below).Compared with CK,the soil moisture content,pH,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon,and microbial biomass nitrogen content of T treatment increased by 24.17%,20.42%,23.59%,17.41%,108.32%,and 92.24%respectively.Under nitrogen reduction conditions,the application of high carbon base fertilizers changed the diversity and richness of soil fungi,and the Simpson index of soil fungal communities significantly increased.observed OTU number,Chao1 index,and Shannon index decreased.It could also improve the structure of rhizosphere fungal communities,especially the relative abundance of functional microorganisms,such as Basidiomycota and Ascomycota,which have increased relative abundance by 20.35%and 4.63%respectively.The correlation analysis results indicated that there was significant co

关 键 词：烤烟 高碳基肥 土壤真菌群落结构 烟叶化学成分 中性香气物质 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]