薄壳山核桃叶斑病病原菌生物学特性及室内药剂毒力测定  

Biological characteristics and toxicity test of the pathogen of Carya illinoinensis leaf spot

作　　者：周洁璐 吴天昊 巨云为 杨旭涛 梁甜 朱海军[3] ZHOU Jielu;WU Tianhao;JU Yunwei;YANG Xutao;LIANG Tian;ZHU Haijun(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Forestry College,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Forestry Workstation of Chuzhou City,Anhui Province,Chuzhou 239000,Anhui,China;Fruit Tree Research Institute,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]安徽省滁州市林业工作站,安徽滁州239000 [3]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2023年第5期1018-1025,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：安徽省林业科技创新研究项目(AHLYCX-2022-8);江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ﹝2020﹞25);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目[CX(22)2027];江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ-丰县﹝2021﹞001)。

摘　　要：【目的】对薄壳山核桃Carya illinoinensis叶斑病4种病原菌,包括共享镰孢菌Fusarium commune、暗球腔菌属Phaeosphaeri 1种P.fuckelii、茶藨子葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea和灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea进行生物学特性测定和不同化学药剂的室内毒力测定,探究其最适生长环境,并筛选最佳防治药剂。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测量病原菌在不同培养条件下的生长速率以及不同化学药剂对病原菌的抑菌率,用DPS计算抑制中浓度(EC_(50))。【结果】共享镰孢菌、P.fuckelii、茶藨子葡萄座腔菌和灰葡萄孢最适生长温度分别是25、25、30和20℃;最适pH值分别是8.0、7.0、7.0和6.0;最适碳源分别为葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、蔗糖和可溶性淀粉;最适氮源分别为硝酸钾、胰蛋白胨、尿素和胰蛋白胨。5种杀菌剂中450 g·L^(-1)咪鲜胺对共享镰孢菌、茶藨子葡萄座腔菌和灰葡萄孢的毒力最强,EC_(50)分别为0.0108、0.0915和0.0210 mg·L^(-1),250 g·L^(-1)吡唑醚菌酯对P.fuckelii的毒力最强,EC_(50)值为0.0041 mg·L^(-1)。【结论】4种病原菌在含葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉的碳源环境下以及含尿素、硝酸钾和胰蛋白胨的氮源环境下生长旺盛,咪鲜胺与吡唑醚菌酯对该病具有很好的防治作用。[Objective]This study aimed to determine the biological characteristics and toxicity of four pathogens,namely Fusarium commune,Phaeosphaeria fuckelii,Botryosphaeria dothidea,and Botrytis cinerea,that cause leaf spot in Carya illinoinensis and explore the optimal growth conditions for these pathogens and effective control agents.[Method]The mycelium growth rate method was utilized to measure the growth rates of the pathogens under different culture conditions and the inhibition rates of 5 chemical fungicides on the pathogens.The EC_(50) was calculated using DPS.[Result]F.commune and P.fuckelii grew optimally at 25℃,while Botryosphaeria dothidea and Botrytis cinerea grew optimally at 30℃and 20℃,respectively.The optimal pH for growth were 8.0,7.0,7.0,and 6.0 for F.commune,P.fuckelii,Botryosphaeria dothidea and Botrytis cinerea,respectively.Glucose,soluble starch,sucrose,and soluble starch were the optimal carbon sources,respectively.Similarly,potassium nitrate,tryptone,urea,and tryptone were the optimal nitrogen sources for these four fungal species,respectively.Of the five fungicides tested,450 g·L^(−1) prochloraz exhibited the highest level of toxicity to F.commune,Botryosphaeria dothidea,and Botrytis cinerea,with EC_(50) of 0.0108,0.0915,and 0.0210 mg·L^(−1),respectively.Additionally,the 250 g·L^(−1) pyrazolyl ester demonstrated the strongest toxicity to P.fuckelii,with EC_(50) of 0.0041 mg·L^(−1).[Conclusion]The four types of pathogenic fungi growed well in carbon sources with elevated levels of glucose and soluble starch,as well as nitrogen sources that contain urea,potassium nitrate,and tryptone.Prochloraz and pyrazolyl ester can effectively controll the disease.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 叶斑病病原 生物学特性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]