合同分类与合同效力:总分结构中类型规范之意义初探  

The Classification and Validity of Contracts:A Preliminary Study of Contract-type-norms in the General versus Special Parts of Contract Law

作　　者：韩世远[1] Han Shiyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期75-84,193,194,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：关于合同的约束力,西方的理论大抵依有偿与无偿的不同而分别说明;在我国,理应考虑本国的历史文化,探索更具有解释力的理论。就我国民法的外在体系而言,在总则层面的法律行为下,以合同为规范单元,区分“通则”与“典型合同”,为法律人“找法”提供了明确的线索;然而在“典型合同”与“合同”之间,发掘“有偿合同”“无偿合同”“双务合同”“单务合同”等不同分类对应的法规范,本身是对《民法典》做体系化整理的应有内容,同时也可提升法律人的“找法”能力。“contract”and specific“typical contracts”,there are different types of contracts such as“onerous contract”and“gratuitous contract”,“bilateral contract”and“unilateral contract”,and“contract to be performed at one time”and“long-term contract”.Exploring legal norms corresponding to these various types of contracts consists a part of the task of systematically interpreting the Civil Code and enhances the ability of law-finding of judges and lawyers.By discovering such contract-type-norms,people may have a better understanding of different types of contracts e.g.the distinct differences between onerous contracts and gratuitous contracts in the qualification of the subjects,the weight of the responsibility,the composition of the creditor s right of revocation,and so on.And there is a sharp difference between bilateral contracts and unilateral contracts in terms of exception non adimpleti contractus,the reduction of the donor s responsibility.

关 键 词：合同分类 合同效力 有偿合同 双务合同 

分 类 号：D913.6[政治法律—民商法学]