商丘地区不同降水年型冬小麦-夏玉米需水量和缺水量分析  

Changes in Water Requirement and Water Deficit of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize with Precipitation in Shangqiu,Henan Province

作　　者：丁大伟[1,2,4] 陈金平 申孝军[2,3] 宋妮 谢坤 任文[1,2] 王景雷 DING Dawei;CHEN Jinping;SHEN Xiaojun;SONG Ni;XIE Kun;REN Wen;WANG Jinglei(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Shangqiu/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station,Shangqiu 476000,China;College of Water Conservancy Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/国家农业环境商丘观测实验站/国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测商丘试验站,河南商丘476000 [3]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300392 [4]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第9期9-18,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFD1900502);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2023-18,Y2022LM29);国家农业环境商丘观测实验站(NAES038AE05)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同降水年型下冬小麦、夏玉米的作物需水规律及成因。【方法】基于1954—2019年商丘市气象数据、1999—2019年河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站作物生育期观测数据和2011—2018年大型蒸渗仪观测数据,采用描述性统计和Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法,探究作物需水量和缺水量变化趋势,并通过主导分析法探索气象因子对作物需水量的影响。【结果】1954—2019年,周年有效降水量呈上升趋势,冬小麦季、夏玉米季有效降水量上升速率为3.09、5.23 mm/10a;仅丰水年下冬小麦季和周年有效降水量呈下降趋势。周年作物需水量呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.01),冬小麦季、夏玉米季作物需水量下降速率为6.72mm/10a(P<0.01)、18.47mm/10a(P<0.01);不同降水年型下冬小麦季、夏玉米季和作物周年需水量均表现为下降趋势。周年作物缺水量呈极显著下降趋势(P<0.01),冬小麦季、夏玉米季作物缺水量下降速率为9.81、23.70 mm/10 a(P<0.01);仅丰水年冬小麦季缺水量呈上升趋势。在平水年和枯水年,日照时间是影响冬小麦需水量的首要因子,但在丰水年相对湿度为影响冬小麦需水量的首要因子;夏玉米需水量的主要影响因子为日照时间、平均风速和最高温度,在3种降水年型下日照时间均为首要因子,其次是平均风速和最高温度。【结论】在丰水年型下,商丘地区冬小麦应在拔节—抽穗期灌溉,夏玉米季不灌溉;在平水年型下,冬小麦季应在拔节—抽穗期灌溉,夏玉米抽雄期灌溉;在枯水年型下,冬小麦和夏玉米在播前灌溉的基础上,还需分别在拔节—抽穗期和拔节—抽雄期进行灌溉。【Objective】Rotating winter wheat and summer maize is a common cultivation method in northern and central China.Their water consumption and the occurrence of water deficit vary with prediction.Taking Shangqiu in easter Henan province as an example,this paper investigates the relationship between them with meteorological factors.【Method】The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1954 to 2019,and crop index data measured from 1999 to 2019 at the National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu.The evapotranspiration used in the analysis was those measured from 2011 to 2018 from a large lysimeter.Statistics and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to analyze the changing in crop water requirement and water deficit;the dominant analysis was used to elucidate the influence of the meteorological factors on water requirement of the two crops.【Result】On average,the annual effective precipitation has been increasing over the past 65 years,at a rate of 3.09 mm/10a during the wheat growing season and 5.23 mm/10a during the maize growing season,despite that in wet years the effective precipitation during the wheat season declined.In contrast,the annual crop water requirement showed a decline(P<0.01),at a rate of 6.72 mm/10a for the winter wheat and 18.47 mm/10a for the maize,regardless of precipitations.The annual crop water deficit had also shown a falling trend(P<0.01),at a rate of 9.81 mm/10a for the winter wheat and 23.70 mm/10a for the maize,despite that it decreased for the winter wheat in wet years.In normal and dry years,sunshine was the primary meteorological factor affecting water requirement of the winter wheat,whine in wet years,humidity was the primary factor.The primary factors affecting water requirement of summer maize were sunshine,regardless of precipitation,despite that wind speed and high temperature also played a role.【Conclusion】Our analysis revealed that in wet years,winter wheat should be irrigated during jointing-heading stage,while maize c

关 键 词：作物需水量 冬小麦-夏玉米连作 降水年型 气象因子 主导分析法 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]