水肥耦合对娃娃菜产量和品质的影响  

The Combined Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Mini Chinese Cabbage in Cold-cool Irrigation Area

作　　者：马彦霞[1] 陈静茹 王晓巍[1] 蒯佳琳 张俊峰[1] MA Yanxia;CHEN Jingru;WANG Xiaowei;KUAI Jialin;ZHANG Junfeng(Vegetable Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第9期40-45,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060678);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA761);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2022GAAS26)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究河西走廊冷凉灌区膜下滴灌条件下娃娃菜适宜的水肥耦合模式。【方法】以当地秋茬主栽品种金皇后为供试材料,设置3个灌溉水平和3个施肥水平,共计9个处理,测定不同处理下的娃娃菜叶球纵径和横径、产量及品质指标。通过主成分分析筛选关键指标,基于隶属函数和标准差系数权重法来评价灌水量和施肥量对娃娃菜各项指标的耦合效应。【结果】灌水量、施肥量及水肥交互效应均在不同程度上影响娃娃菜的产量和品质,水肥交互效应的影响高于灌水量和施肥量。水肥耦合模式下,H2F2处理(中水中肥)可显著提高娃娃菜单株净质量、净菜率、产量、可溶性固形物量和Vc量,增加叶球紧实度,降低硝酸盐量。基于主成分分析将生长性状、产量、品质等12个指标转换为3个独立的综合指标,其累积贡献率高达91.87%。H2F2处理下的基于隶属函数与标准差系数权重法取得的水肥耦合效应综合得分最高。【结论】河西走廊冷凉灌区娃娃菜适宜的水肥耦合模式为灌水下限为田间持水率的70%、施肥量N为330 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)为195 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O为450 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】Mini Chinese cabbage is a cash crop in Hexi Corridor in northwestern China,but its production relies on irrigation and fertilization.The objective of this paper is to investigate the combined effect of water and fertilizer on its yield and quality.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a film-mulched field,with the variety Golden Queen used as the model plant.The crop was drip irrigated.There were three irrigation treatments and three fertilization treatments,which combine making total nine treatments.In each treatment,we measure yield and quality of the cabbage.The key indexes was screened using the principal component analysis,and comprehensive evaluation of the combined effect of water and fertilizer was analyzed using the membership function and the weighted standard deviation coefficient method.【Result】Irrigation and fertilization jointly affected growth index,yield and quality of the cabbage,albeit the effect varied with their combinations.Combination of water and fertilizer affected crop growth and yield more greatly than irrigation and fertilization working independently.Moderate irrigation and fertilization increased the net weight per plant,net vegetable rate,yield,soluble solids,Vc content and heading compactness,but reduced nitrate content.Principal component analysis reduced the 12 indicators into three independent comprehensive indicators,with their cumulative contribution rate being 91.87%.The comprehensive score for the coupled effect of water and fertilizer was the highest when irrigation and fertilization were both at moderate level.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis showed that a suitable irrigation and fertilization for autumn mini Chinese cabbage in Hexi Corridor region is:keeping soil water content higher than 70%of the field capacity,and applying 330 kg/hm^(2) of N,195 kg/hm^(2) of P_(2)O_(5) and 450 kg/hm^(2) of K_(2)O.

关 键 词：河西冷凉灌区 娃娃菜 水肥耦合 主成分分析 隶属函数法 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]