放牧强度对贝加尔针茅草甸草原植物群落功能群及多样性的影响  

Effects of different grazing intensities on plant community functional groups and diversity in Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe

作　　者：胡向敏 乌仁其其格 高铁奇 陆政宇 申洪岩 张小林 白洋 HU Xiangmin;Wurenqiqige;GAO Tieqi;LU Zhengyu;SHEN Hongyan;ZHANG Xiaolin;BAI Yang(School of Agriculture and Forestry,Hulunbuir College,Hulunbuir 021008;School of Environment,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院农林学院,海拉尔021008 [2]东北师范大学环境学院,长春130024

出　　处：《草原与草业》2023年第3期15-21,共7页Grassland and Prataculture

基　　金：呼伦贝尔学院科研资助项目(2020BS06);呼伦贝尔学院科研资助项目(2020ZKZD04)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古呼伦贝尔贝加尔针茅草甸草原轻度、中度和重度放牧样地为研究对象,分种记录植物株高、密度、盖度和生物量等相关指标,研究不同放牧强度下草原植物群落物种组成、功能群特征和多样性变化。结果表明,轻度放牧下多年生豆科植物累积优势度和比例、多年生禾草生物量、多年生豆科植物生物量和群落总生物量均显著提高(P<0.05),中度放牧和重度放牧之间差异不显著(P>0.05);重度放牧样地多年生禾草比例显著提高(P<0.05),Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著降低(P<0.05),轻度放牧和中度放牧多样性指数间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,重度放牧利用下各功能群组成简单,优良牧草种类减少,物种多样性降低,不利于贝加尔针草原植物群落稳定。Plant height,density,coverage and biomass were recorded by species in light,moderate and heavy grazing plots of Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe in Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia,to study the species composition,functional group characteristics and diversity changes of grassland plant communities under different grazing intensity.The results showed that the cumulative dominance and proportion of perennial legume,perennial grass biomass,perennial legume biomass and total community biomass significantly increased under light grazing(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between moderate grazing and heavy grazing(P>0.05).The proportion of perennial grasses in the heavily grazed plots significantly increased(P<0.05),the Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index significantly decreased(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the diversity indexes of light grazed and moderate grazed plots(P>0.05).In conclusion,the composition of functional groups was simple under heavy grazing,and the species diversity reduced,which is not conducive to the stability of plant community in Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe.

关 键 词：放牧强度 草甸草原 功能群 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812.3[农业科学—草业科学]