厚壁不锈钢管道机器人全位置激光焊接工艺研究  

Research on All-position Laser Welding Process of Thick-walled Stainless Steel Pipeline Welding by Robot

作　　者：韩峰 张建军[1,2] 郭朝辉 李春阳 郭力玮 黄继强 HAN Feng;ZHANG Jianjun;GUO Zhaohui;LI Chunyang;GUO Liwei;HUANG Jiqiang(Optoelectronic Equipment Technology Beijing City,Beijing Institute of Petro-chemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;Shelfoil Petroleum Equipment&Services Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou 253034,China;Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院光机电装备技术北京市重点实验室,北京102617 [2]德州大陆架石油工程技术有限公司,山东德州253034 [3]北京工业大学,北京100124

出　　处：《电焊机》2023年第9期37-46,共10页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4701100)。

摘　　要：奥氏体不锈钢管道因为具有较好的耐腐蚀性能、较高的高温强度、易于加工硬化以及在固溶状态下无磁性等优点而被广泛应用于高性能服役设备中。但奥氏体不锈钢的热膨胀系数较大,焊接过程中产生的应力容易导致焊缝变形,并且其热导率较低,导致熔池流动性差,焊接过程中容易产生气孔、夹杂物等缺陷。因此以奥氏体不锈钢管道窄间隙激光全位置焊接为研究对象,采用Fluent仿真软件对激光焊进行了数值模拟,研究了不同激光功率和焊接速度情况下的焊接接头温度场分布和焊缝形状特征;开展了机器人焊接过程各种典型空间位置窄间隙激光焊接试验研究,得到了激光功率、焊接速度和离焦量等焊接参数对焊缝成形的影响规律,为不锈钢管道全位置机器人焊接提供基础数据。Austenitic stainless steel pipelines are widely utilized in high-performance service equipment due to their advantageous properties,including excellent corrosion resistance,high-temperature strength,easy work hardening,and non-magnetic characteristics in the solid solution state.However,the high thermal expansion coefficient of austenitic stainless steel can result in weld deformation during the welding process,while its low thermal conductivity can lead to poor fluidity in the molten pool,increasing the likelihood of welding defects such as pores and inclusions.This study focuses on narrow gap laser all-position welding of austenitic stainless steel pipes.The Fluent simulation software is utilized to numerically simulate the laser welding process.Additionally,the temperature field distribution and weld shape characteristics of welded joints under different laser power and welding speed conditions are investigated.Experimental research on narrow gap laser welding is carried out at various spatial positions during robot welding.The impact of welding parameters,including laser power,welding speed,and defocus,on weld formation is determined,thus providing fundamental data for all-position robot welding of stainless steel pipelines.

关 键 词：不锈钢管道 焊接机器人 窄间隙激光焊 焊缝成形 

分 类 号：TG409[金属学及工艺—焊接]