宋代西北吐蕃的民风习俗  

Folkways and Customs of the Tubo During the Northwest Song Dynasty

作　　者：刘建丽 Liu Jianli

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第5期68-75,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：两宋时期,在今青海、甘肃、宁夏以及川西北等地,散居着众多吐蕃部族,他们“族种分散”,“无复统一”,且拥有不同的称谓,表明由诸多民族融会而成。由于居地的不同,组成吐蕃的民族成分不同,加之各民族错居杂处,因而民风有殊,习俗不一,风俗的来源极为复杂。在饮食方面,吐蕃人以食茶为主,且嗜酒好盐;在居住方面,吐蕃人的住宅分为瓦屋、土屋、板屋与毡帐四种;在服饰方面,吐蕃人“皆番服”;在发式方面,吐蕃人有“辫发之俗”;在葬俗方面,吐蕃人有火葬、土葬、天葬、水葬、墓葬等形式。此外,吐蕃人以“传箭”“和断”“盟誓”作为对外联络、传递信息、化解矛盾纠纷的方式。吐蕃人崇尚白色,这与“尊佛”有着密切的关系。这些具有鲜明的民族与地域特色的风俗,形成了宋代西北吐蕃丰富多彩的风尚习俗,这也正是吐蕃与各民族融合的生动体现。During the Song dynasties,there were numerous Tubo tribes living in present Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia and northwest Sichuan areas.They were“ethnically scattered”and“not unified”.Their different names indicate a fusion of many tribes.Due to the different places of residence,the different tribal compositions,and the intermingling of the various tribes,the customs origins of Tubo in Song dynasty are extremely complicated.In terms of diet,the Tubo people mainly eat tea,and they prefer alcoholic drink and salty food;In terms of living,the Tubo people’s houses are divided into four types:tile house,mud house,board house and felt tent;In terms of clothing,the Tubo people wear“all Tibetan clothing”;In terms of hair style,the Tubo people have“the custom of braiding hair”;In terms of burial customs,the Tubo people have cremation,earth burial,sky burial,water burial,burial in tomb and other forms.In addition,the Tubo people use“sending arrows”“reconcile”and“oath”as a way to communicate,transmit information and resolve conflicts and disputes.The Tubo people admire color white,which has a close relationship with“respecting Buddha”.These customs with distinctive national and regional characteristics formed the the rich and colorful customs of the Tubo in northwest Song dynasty,which is also a vivid embodiment of the integration of the Tubo and other ethnic groups.

关 键 词：宋代 西北吐蕃 民风习俗 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史]