理学思维下吴澄的文艺本体论与文道观  

The Literary Ontology and the Concept of Literature and Tao of Wu Cheng under Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：杨万里[1] Yang Wanli

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第5期120-128,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“宋明理学家‘游艺’之学与文艺思想研究”(17CZW021)。

摘　　要：关于吴澄的文艺本体论问题学界已有不少论述,但就目前的主流研究来看似乎仍值得商榷。鉴于其在文气批评方面的理论成就,大多数学者将其视为气本论者。其实不然,我们应以吴澄的理学思维来理解其文艺观念。从万物构成的角度来说,“理在气中”是其哲学本体观的概括表达,准确理解应是气为本原而理为本体。正是基于此一理学命题,他提出了“理主气辅”的著名文论观点,其中作为主宰的“理”依然是比“气”更为重要的一个范畴。唯有如此,作家才可通过积学明理变化气质,从而突破先天才气之局限和外界不良风气之侵袭,这也为其文艺复古理想提供了学理依据。“理主气辅”之中亦蕴含着文道贯一之思想,因此他主张为文当先闻道,文儒如此,释道亦然。与前辈理学家相比,吴澄文道观念的推导逻辑和阐释边界皆有自己的特色,对其文艺本体论及文道观的探讨启发我们,研究中国文论须遵循中国之“道”。There has been a lot of discussion about Wu Cheng’s literary ontology in the academic circle,but the current mainstream view still seems to be worthy of discussion.In view of his theoretical achievements in literary and artistic criticism,most scholars regard him as the advocate of the theory that Qi(vital energy)is the primordial substance of literary.In fact,we should understand his literary thoughts with his Neo-Confucianism thoughts.From the perspective of the constitution of all creature,“Li is immanent in Qi”is the general expression of his philosophical ontology,so Qi is the origin and Li is the noumenon.It is based on this theory proposition that he put forward the famous view of“Li is main and Qi is auxiliary”,in which Li as the master is a more important category than Qi.Only in this way,writers can change his temperament through accumulating knowledge and understanding Li,so as to break through the limitations of innate talent and the invasion of the bad atmosphere of the outside world,which also provides the academic basis for his literary and artistic retro ideals.“Li is main and Qi is auxiliary”contains the idea that literature and Tao should be consistent with each other,so he advocated that Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism all should learn Tao before writing.Compared with the predecessors of Neo-Confucianism,Wu Cheng’s derivation logic and interpretation boundary of the concept of literature and Taoism have his own unique characteristics.The discussion enlightens us that the study of Chinese literary theory should follow the Chinese Tao.

关 键 词：吴澄 理主气辅 理在气中 本体论 文道观 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学] I206.2