威廉·福克纳与中国新时期小说的发生  

William Faulkner and the Emergence of Chinese Novels in the New Era

作　　者：李萌羽[1] 张悦[1] LI Mengyu;ZHANG Yue(Ocean University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学

出　　处：《国际比较文学（中英文）》2023年第2期64-86,共23页International Comparative Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国现代文学文体理论整理汇编与研究(1902—1949)”(项目编号:17ZDA275)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新时期以来,美国作家威廉·福克纳在中国文坛引起了作家们的普遍关注,引发了“福克纳热”。从新时期作家对福克纳作品的接受来看,其长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》与《我弥留之际》阅读面和接受度最高,其次是短篇小说《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》,《喧哗与骚动》在新时期文学中影响尤其深远。福克纳的“约克纳帕塔法”天地对中国新时期“寻根小说”和“先锋小说”的发生起了催化作用。一方面,它激发了新时期作家的现代民族意识和寻根情结,对新时期“寻根小说”在本土经验的表达、地域文化的挖掘和反思以及文化根性的揭示等层面上产生了深刻影响,它以“世界文学”的视镜激发了新时期作家的现代民族意识和寻根情结,使其认识到文学惟有植根于民族文化传统的土壤,并对其优劣进行现代性的审视和反思才能走向世界。另一方面,意识流表现手法以及多角度叙事形成了独具特色的福克纳文体风格,这对新时期小说的“文体革命”产生了潜移默化的影响,并内化为新时期小说多声部叙事结构范式,深化了新时期文学的主旨意蕴。基于中国文化和语境的视野和经验,中国新时期作家的主体性选择使其在对福克纳作品借鉴中存在着接受变异,创作出了兼具“中国气派”和“世界性元素”的文学佳作。Since the Chinese literature of the new era,the American writer William Faulkner has aroused the general attention of writers in the Chinese literary circle and has given rise to“Faulkner fever.”According with the acceptance of Faulkner’s works by Chinese writers in the new period,his novels The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying have the highest readerships and have achieved the greatest acceptance,followed by the short story A Rose for Emily.In particular,The Sound and the Fury had a profound influence on the literature of the new period.Faulkner’s world of Yoknapatawpha played a catalytic role in the emergence of“root-seeking novels”and“avant-garde novels”in the new period of China.On the one hand,it inspired the modern national consciousness and root-seeking complex of writers in the new period,and had a profound impact on the expression of local experience,the excavation and reflection of regional culture,and the revelation of cultural roots.It allows Chinese contemporary writers to realize that only when the literature is deeply rooted in the soil of national cultural tradition can it be accepted by the world widely.On the other hand,modern artistic expression techniques such as stream-of-consciousness and multi-angle narration in Faulkner’s novels exerted profound influence on the stylistic transformation of Chinese novels in the new period.Based on the vision and experience of Chinese culture and context,the subjectivity choices of Chinese writers in the new era resulted in variation and reform in the process of learning from and accepting Faulkner’s works,and they created masterpieces with a combination of“Chinese style”and“world element.”Faulkner’s influence on Chinese writers is not a flash in the pan,but permeates every phase of the new period literature,and the relationship of influence and acceptance between Faulkner and the Chinese writers in the new era is worthy of in-depth exploration.

关 键 词：威廉·福克纳 中国新时期小说 影响 接受 发生 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学] I712.074